About IJWPH
Effectiveness of Stress Inoculation Training on Occupational Stress in Firefighters: Quasi-Experimental Evidence from Ambato, Ecuador
Methods: A quasi-experimental pre–post study with a non-equivalent control group was conducted between January and June 2023. Sixty firefighters were recruited and allocated to either SIT (n = 30) or control (n = 30). The SIT group underwent eight sessions (30 minutes each, twice weekly) including relaxation training, cognitive restructuring, and coping skills rehearsal. Stress was assessed with the ILO–WHO Work Stress Scale, resilience with CD-RISC, job satisfaction with JSS, and well-being with OWQ. Physiological biomarkers (salivary cortisol, resting heart rate) were also measured.
Results: The SIT group showed a significant reduction in occupational stress scores (109.2 ± 13.5 to 65.7 ± 18.4; p < 0.001), accompanied by decreases in salivary cortisol and resting heart rate. Significant improvements were also observed in resilience, job satisfaction, and occupational well-being. The control group exhibited minimal, non-significant changes across all outcomes.
Conclusion: SIT was effective in reducing occupational stress and improving resilience, job satisfaction, and overall well-being among firefighters in Ecuador. These findings underscore SIT’s potential as a preventive and therapeutic strategy for high-risk occupations. Nonetheless, larger studies with long-term follow-up are recommended to confirm generalisability and sustainability of the benefits.
Title: Efficacy of Soft and Hard Stabilization Splint Therapy as A Non-Invasive Treatment for Temporomandibular Joint Disorders (TMDs): A Review of Recent Articles
Aims : To evaluate the efficacy of stabilization splint therapy as a non-invasive treatment for temporomandibular joint disorders and to compare the effectiveness of soft and hard stabilization splints therapy.
Methods :the initial literature search identified a total of 130 articles from Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Following the removal of duplicates, 101 articles remained for further consideration. After screening titles and abstracts and applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria, 15 articles were selected for inclusion in this systematic review.
Finding: Findings confirm soft stabilization therapy (SST) as a viable treatment option, with both splint types demonstrating efficacy in alleviating TMD symptoms and improving jaw function. Notably, soft splints provide immediate comfort and pain relief, proving beneficial for short-term management, while hard splints excel in long-term symptom control, particularly for bruxism and severe cases.
Conclusion: The choice between soft and hard splints should be guided by individual patient needs, TMD etiology, and treatment duration. While SST demonstrates promising results, further research is crucial to ascertain long-term effectiveness and refine treatment protocols for specific TMD subtypes.
Design and Development of the “AJA” Haemostatic Pack for Prehospital and Battlefield Haemorrhage Control
Methods: The study comprised three phases: (1) production of chitosan-impregnated gauze from shrimp shell-derived chitosan; (2) design and fabrication of a self-aid tourniquet modeled on modern military designs; and (3) final product packaging. The pack includes hemostatic gauze, a tourniquet, and Surgifix (an elastic tubular net bandage), all contained in a lightweight, durable pouch.
Findings: The developed pack demonstrated feasibility for sterile production and assembly, with chitosan yields of 5–15 g per 100 g of shrimp shells. The tourniquet prototype weighed 300 g, exceeding commercial models but achieving functional self-application. Packaging ensured a 9-month shelf life under sterilization.
Conclusions: The AJA hemostatic pack represents a low-cost, indigenous solution for prehospital hemorrhage control, promoting self-sufficiency in emergency medical systems. Further validation through animal models and clinical trials is recommended.
Effectiveness of Intraneural Facilitation and Foot Massage on Sensory Function Among Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Materials & Methods The comparative study was conducted at Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, India. A total of 66 participants with DPN were selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were randomly assigned into two equal groups using sealed envelope method (n = 33 each). Group-A received INF and Group-B received FM. Sensory function was evaluated using the monofilament test. Both groups underwent their respective interventions three times a week for three weeks. Post-test assessments were conducted to measure changes in sensory function.
Findings The post-test mean sensory function score in the INF group was significantly higher than that of the FM group. Statistical analysis revealed a p value of 0.038, indicating a significant improvement in the INF group.
Conclusion Both intraneural facilitation and foot massage yielded significant improvements in sensory function among individuals with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. However, intraneural facilitation demonstrated comparatively greater efficacy, indicating its potential as a more effective therapeutic approach for optimizing sensory outcomes and enhancing peripheral blood flow in this population.
The average time to reach a traumatic patient and factors affecting the ambulance response time of traumatic accidents in Sabzevar
Method: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 379 Emergency 115 missions related to traumatic injured people caused by accidents in Sabzevar City.
Results: The average ART was 8.4 minutes with a deviation of 7.4. Considering the very high and low times, the non-normality of variable distribution in the study, the mean, and the interquartile range also revealed that the average ART was 6 minutes, with a confidence interval of 7.6-9.2 for the mean. A significant relationship was observed between ART and the accident location so that this variable was longer in residential areas than in other zones.A significant relationship was also found between ART and the personnel's education level.A significant relationship was observed between ART and traffic volume. In addition,a significant relationship was found between ART and the traveled distance.With an increase of one kilometer, ART increased by an average of 20 seconds.There were no significant relationships between ART and the day/time of the accident, the type of dispatch vehicles, and the personnel's work experience.
Conclusion: The average ART is among the essential factors in assessing the quality of emergency services. The estimated ART value is close to the standard in Sabzevar City. However,a response time of <8 minutes was recorded in only 63% of cases,which is far from the standard(80%).
Impact of Short-Term Armed Conflicts on Bacterial Transmission and Public Health: The Case of the 12-Day War in Iran
Drawing on patterns from conflicts like Yemen, where over 1 million cholera cases were reported from 2016–2019 [1], the Iran scenario suggests damaged water systems and overcrowded shelters could lead to a 20% surge in waterborne infections, potentially affecting 50,000 displaced individuals. Gram-negative bacteria, including Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella spp., and Escherichia coli, thrive in such conditions, with multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa complicating treatment [2]. Women and children face heightened risks due to poor hygiene and limited healthcare access [3]. Key risk factors include poor inter-agency coordination, inconsistent water quality monitoring, and inadequate antimicrobial stewardship. To mitigate these, we recommend: (1) conflict-specific health emergency protocols; (2) continuous water treatment in displacement settings; and (3) strengthened antimicrobial stewardship.
The Effectiveness of Psychological Resilience Training on Social Participation and Quality of Life of Elderly Mothers with Exceptional Children
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of psychological resilience training on increasing social participation and improving the quality of life of elderly mothers with exceptional children in Ilam city. The necessity of this research is justified considering the additional challenges faced by these mothers (the simultaneity of aging and caring for an exceptional child) and the negative consequences of social isolation and decreased quality of life on their physical and mental health.
Materials and Methods: This semi-experimental study was conducted using a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population included 60 elderly mothers (30 in the experimental group and 30 in the control group) aged 65 years and above, selected through convenience sampling from welfare centers in Ilam city. The intervention consisted of eight 90-minute sessions of structured psychological resilience training. Data were collected using standard questionnaires and analyzed with SPSS version 26 using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), independent t-test, and paired t-test.
Findings: The results showed that psychological resilience training significantly increased social participation (from 45.2±6.8 to 62.1±5.4) and improved quality of life in the physical (from 50.3±7.1 to 65.8±6.3), psychological (from 48.6±6.9 to 63.2±5.8), social (from 42.5±5.7 to 58.4±4.9), and environmental (from 47.8±6.4 to 60.1±5.2) dimensions in the experimental group (p<0.001). No significant changes were observed in the control group.
Conclusion: The findings indicate the effectiveness of psychological resilience training in enhancing social participation and quality of life among elderly mothers with exceptional children.
Investigating the Effect of Communication Skills Training Intervention on Reducing Social Isolation
Materials and Methods: The present study employed a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest and a control group. The study population consisted of 40 ageing individuals (20 in the experimental group and 20 in the control group) with a mean age of 68.4±5.2 years, selected through convenience sampling. The intervention included eight 90-minute sessions of communication skills training. Data were collected using the Standard Social Isolation Scale (SLSI) and analyzed using SPSS version 26, employing dependent t-tests, independent t-tests, and ANCOVA.
Findings: The mean age of participants was 68.4±5.2 years, and 57.5% were female. Results showed that the total social isolation score in the experimental group decreased from 62.3±7.1 to 43.4±6.2. Significant improvements were observed in the components of emotional isolation (5.4±1.2), interactional isolation (5.5±1.5), structural isolation (3.4±1.8), and perceived isolation (4.6±1.3). The control group showed no significant changes.
Conclusion: The findings indicate the significant effectiveness of communication skills training in reducing social isolation among the ageing. It is recommended that this intervention be implemented as a complementary program in ageing care centers and community health houses. Future studies could examine the long-term sustainability of the intervention's effects
Review of therapeutic effect of trans cranial magnetic stimulation in psychological disorders
Human brain can be stimulated safely and non invasively by powerful magnetic field. This magnetic field causes a current in stimulated tissue, which stimulates the brain neurons. In psychological disorders, focal brain activity is observed in clinical syndromes. Application of trans-cranial magnetic stimulation as a therapeutic technique proposes to change the selective brain activities. Low frequency repetitive trans-cranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a new method in evaluation and treatment of hyper excitability brain syndromes, which changes brain plasticity. In this review article, therapeutic effect of rTMS in some psychological disease such as depression, post traumatic stress disorder, epilepsy, obsessive compulsive disorder and schizophrenia is discussed.
Examining the effects of ’bad’ and ‘good’ fitting conditions supracondylar PTB socket on interface pressure and comfort of unilateral transtibial amputees: Case Study
Background: Changes in the volume and shape of the stump causes difficulties in maintaining A comfortable and exact fit. Improper fit causes pain, discomfort and movement between stump and socket. There is not enough document to identify how much volume fluctuation causes fitting problem . To identify and understand the relationship between the changes of interface pressure between stump and socket with mentally feeling of amputees in "good" and "bad" fitting conditions.
Method and Material: The study was conducted on two below knee amputees. The method has 2similar stages, SCS was evaluated at both stages with the difference that one was done in bad and other in good fitting condition. To examine stump-socket interface pressure at each stage,static tests with applying half and full body weight to the artifical limb and walking tests were done.
Results: With volume reduction, it seems adding several sock layers to improve fitting condition (force couple correction)imposes high interface pressure to patellar tendon and fibular head which lowers amputees feeling of comfort. Without adding sock layers,stump movement to distal causes unbearable pressure to the distal of tibia.
Conclusion: In static tests, interface pressure increased in good fitting condition at patellar tendon and popliteal region. Walking tests in good fitting condition showed less movement between stump and socket and less improper pressure. Using too many layers of socks to improve fitting causes intolareable interface pressure at regions such as petellar tendon and fibular head.
Frequency of Phantom Pain among patients with Spinal Cord Injury
Summary: Background: Patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) usually have permanent and often devastating neurologic deficits and disability and pain (1). According to the National Institutes of Health, "among neurological disorders, the cost to society of automotive SCI is exceeded only by the cost of mental retardation"(2). Neurogenic pain constitutes one of the enigmatic clinical syndromes faced by patients, clinicians, and researchers (3). Materials and Methods: Current observational descriptive cross-sectional survey is performed among 270 patients with spinal cord injuries including veterans and non-veteran disabled subjects in Tehran-City during 2005. Results: Mean age of the subjects was 37.8±12.2 years. 26.3% were female and 73.7% were male. 17.4% had spinal cord injury in cervical level, 41.5% thoracic, 38.1% lumbar, and 3% Quada Equina level. 76.3% had complete and 23.7% incomplete injuries. 19.3% had injury duration of less than 5 years, 11.9% between 5 to 10 years, and 68.9% upper than 10 years. Phantom pain below the lesion level was present in 89 patients (33%) that included 26% of veterans and 37% of non-veterans. There was a statistically significant association between age, marital status, and injury duration with having phantom pain (P< 0.05). Conclusion: it is concluded that frequency of phantom pain in current study is less than all of previous studies and our patients were totally resistant to analgesic treatments which may be due to physiopathologic basis of such pains in comparison with other pains due to spinal cord injuries.
Energy Storing and -Revealing Prosthetic Feet A Review Study
Aims: Since 1990 a new generation of prosthetic feet as "energy storing" in order to improve the performance and mobility of amputees entered to the markets. The aim of this study was to expansion and explanation of the concept of energy and terms relating to energy transfer as well as an overview of energy storing and returning measurement of prosthetic.
Information & Methods: In this review study, a systematic search of electronic databases, Google Scholar and PubMed was done and papers published from 1950 to 2013 were studied. Key words used were included various combinations of energy analysis, ESAR prosthetic feet and their synonym terms.
Findings: The results obtained from articles classified and examined in the three domains of concepts of energy and energy-related terms, methods of energy analysis in the prosthetic feet and functional classifications and naming of the feet enable to energy storing.
Conclusion: Analysis of the structure and components of prosthesis make it possible to understand how it works. One of the major issues in the analysis of energy transfer of prosthesis is the proper amount of absorption and energy release and the effect of it on amputee. Optimal performance and health of amputee is effective in designing these kinds of prosthesis.
Localization of Hemoxigenase in the epithelium of human air way wall induced by sulfur mustard
Introduction: Sulfur mustard (SM) as an effective chemical agent was used recently in the Iraq war against Iran. Currently more than 40,000 chemical casualty of war left with lung lesions caused by mustard gas.
This combination induce the production of oxygen free radicals are molecules that activate inflammatory processes. Heme Oxigenase is one of the important proteins that decrease the harmful effects of free radicals and involved in many cellular functions such as oxidant/antioxidant system balance in respiratory system.
Methods: 12 biopsy samples of the airway wall (8 chemical samples and 4 control samples) obtain by bronchoscopy. After fixation in Parafrmaldehyd 4%, 20 microns slices were prepared by Cryostat. The expression of HO1, a polymorphism of HO, by immunohistochemistry method in samples of veterans and control groups analysed and were compared.
Results: SM exposed samples were immunonegative for HO1 antibodies in compare to unexposed patients, while Normal ones expressed in high intensity in epithelium as a basal expression.
Conclusion: These findings indicate that this molecule play an important role in protecting cells against oxidative stress, including the poisoning of SM. So it concluded that the absence of this protective factor may be cause for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and continuity of problem.
survey of relationship between abnormalities of the spine and spirometric indices of spinal cord injury veterans
Background & Purpose: In addition to any disability, especially spinal cord injury level of sensory and motor performance of shows, other serious complications in other parts of the body, leaving lasting. . One of these complications, the spine is deformed. Many of the deformation of the spine, opening the chest to reduce this mode reduces the vital capacity and respiratory disorders, negative effects on the cardiovascular system and ultimately cause a change in the amount of their lung capacity is. The objective of this study, survey of relationship is between abnormalities of the spine (Lordosis, Kyphosis, scoliosis) and spirometric parameters (FEV1/FVC, FVC, FEV1, FEF75, PEF).
Materials & Methods:For this purpose, the present study was performed on 60 cases of spinal cord injury veterans And spirometric indices including FEV1/FVC, FVC, FEV1, FEF75, PEF was assessed using spirometry. For data analysis descriptive statistics were used and the test of Pearson inferential statistics were used.
Results: Based on survey results, a relation between Lordosis, scoliosis Kyphosis and spirometric indices, the rate and Kyphosis and Lordosis abnormalities was significant
(P<0.05). But there is no significant difference in the rate of scoliosis (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Due to the complications of spinal deformity and subsequent loss of lung volume in the injured spinal cord injury, for deformity correction protocols and a regular exercise program continued to increase indicators lung is recommended.
Relation between perceived social support and health promotion behaviors in chemical veterans in Ilam province on 2012-13
Background & Purpose: Chemical attacks in war can make short term and long term personal, family and social damages and limited social relationships of victims as compared to ordinary people. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between social support and health promoting behaviors in chemical veteran in Ilam province 2012-13.
Methods & Materials: This cross-sectional study was performed in the entire moderate and severs chemical veterans, who they were covered by the Department of Veterans and Martyrs of Ilam province. Information was collected by using standard questionnaires for health-promoting behavior and Multidimensional scale of perceived social support (family, friends, and important people). The reliability and validity of these instruments was desirable. Inclusion criteria were percentage of disability with moderate and sever levels and enough physical strength to answer questions, and exclusion criteria were also lack of cooperation and have no permanent residence in Ilam province. After data collection, all data were analyzed by SPSS statistical soft ware and Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression.
Results: All of 239 veterans indicated that all of them were men with mean and standard deviation age 51.17± 8.87 years and there is a significant relation between all subscales of social support and health-promotion behavior subscales (p<0.05). Among the subscales of social support, friend support had the highest correlation with health-promoting behaviors (r= 0.391), and support from important people showed the lowest correlation (r= 0.367). The all regression models of health promotion behavior and its subscales were significant.
Conclusion: There is a relation between perceived social support especially friend support and health-promotion behaviors, therefore suggest that the friend as a resource support was used in design of educational programs.
The relationship between basic need satisfaction and general healthof veteransofIsfahan’s AmiralmomeninHosptital
Background& Purpose: The onlyforcethat hastargetedhealth,physicalandmental. Satisfythebasicneedsrequiredto grow theconsistency,specificityandprovidepsychological well-being. The present study aims at analyzing the efficiency of basic need satisfaction in general in predicting the veterans’ general health at Isfahan’s AmiralmomeninHosptital.
Methods&Material:132 veterans were chosen randomly at AmiralmomeninHospital. They answered the questionnaires of the Basic Need Satisfaction (Basic Needs Satisfaction) and General Health (General Health Questioner ). In order to analyze the data, multivariate (step by step) regression analysis was used.
Result: The results indicated that satisfying the basic need satisfaction has correlation with the veterans’ general health (p<0.001) and also, the results indicated that among the psychological needs, satisfying the autonomy need and general health are predicted significantly (p<0.001).
Conclusion: To sum up, the results of the present study confirmed the efficiency of the basic needs satisfaction in predicting general health.
Tactile and Force Feedback Gloves for Virtual Reality and Telecontrol of Anthropomorphic Manipulators; an Analytic Review
Conclusion: The development of the design of the glove will be implemented using a kinematic scheme based on the kinematics of the human hand, considering the requirements of aesthetics and ergonomics of the solution. As a sensor system, it is planned to use digital Hall sensors with a capacity of up to 14 bits, high speed and, at the same time, small dimensions, allowing them to be installed directly inside the swivel joints.
The effect of lateral wedge insole with and without subtalar strap on vertical component of ground reaction force in knee osteoarthritis
Objective: The effects of lateral wedge insoles with and without subtalar strap on vertical component of ground reaction force were compared. Methods: Twenty five patients aged over 40 years with grades I or II of medial compartment knee osteoarthritis based on Kellgrene and Lawrence grading system were participated in this study. They were tested in 3 conditions while walking in a 3-meter walkway: bare foot, lateral wedge insole and lateral wedge insole with subtalar strap. Three successful trials were recorded in each condition. Gait analysis was performed to compare the immediate effect of lateral wedge insole with and without subtalar strap on vertical component of ground reaction force.
Results: There was significant effect of lateral wedge insole with subtalar strap on second peak of vertical ground reaction force related to lateral wedge insole and without insole conditions. But no significant effect of lateral wedge insole with and without subtalar strap was found on first peak of vertical ground reaction force and walking speed.
Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that lateral wedge insole can reduce second peak of vertical ground reaction force. Also it was understood lateral wedge insole with subtalar strap might be more efficacious than lateral wedge insole in mild knee osteoarthritis patients.
Validation of a Device for Registering Orthotic Wearing Time during the Laboratory Climate Tests on Normal Volunteers
Laboratory instrumentation of orthoses and prostheses can be used to objectively gain accurate information. In this study the measurement of orthosis wearing time during laboratory climate tests with normal volunteers were accomplished to determine the validity and reliability of the device for registering orthotic wearing time that was designed and fabricated in
Psychological- social consequences chemical bombardment of the Sardasht victims (a qualitative study)
Purpose: Aim of the present research is study of psychic and social consequences of chemical bombarding on the victims of Sardasht City by qualitative method.
Material & Method: 15 men and 15 women of Sardasht City victims were selected as available sampling and they were interviewed in semi-structured manner. Method of qualitative research is interpretive. Results of the interviews were divided into several categories.
Results: Results show that psychic and social consequences of chemical bombarding on the victims include complaints such as social complaints, psychic complaints, exhaustion problems, economical complaints, characteristic complaints, anger, no safety sensation, emotional interdependent, decrease of social interaction exist in victims.
Conclusion: Results of the research demonstrate social and psychological problems have higher role in psychic- social consequences of chemical bombarding in ratio with other psychic- social consequences. Finally, we involved in limitations and providing several recommendations
The Comparison of the quality of life of the war veterans families with/without Post traumatic Stress Disorder
Introduction: The aim of current study was comparison of the quality of life of the war veteran’s families with/without PTSD.
Method: In this purpose 300 war veterans' families were selected by clustering random sampling in Hamedan province. The measures of this research were quality of life questionnaire 28 items and demographic inventory.
Results: The results of independent samples t-test have shown the war veterans with PTSD reported lower scores on Physical Function, Bodily Pain, General Health, Vitality, Social Functioning, and mental health in comparison of the war veterans without PTSD. The spouses of the war veterans with PTSD also have reported lower quality of life in all subscales in comparison of the spouses of war veterans without PTSD. The children of the war veterans with PTSD have reported lower scores only on general health in comparison of the children of the war veterans without PTSD.
Conclusion: In respect to results, it appears that consideration of family's health in war veterans' families is necessary with special attention to war veterans with PTSD. However, planning, and instructional, therapeutic policies can be useful
Effectiveness of Emotional Schema Therapy on Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies of Combat-Related Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Veterans
Introduction: This study aims to examine the effectiveness of Emotional Schema Therapy on The Emotional Schema & Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies of patients suffering from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).
Method: 6 patients from the clients of psychiatric clinic of Baqiyatallah hospital, were selected through available sampling, matched together and then divided into 3 groups (Emotional Schema Therapy combined with Medications, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy combined with Medications & Medications) Patients were examined 5 & 3 times by Leahy Emotional Schema Scale (LESS) and the Short Form of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ-18) and The Persian versions of the Impact of Event Scale-Revise (IES-R). To analyze the data, indexes of effect size, cohen’s d, process changes, slope and interpretation of ups & downs in charts were employed.
Result: After treatment, scores of patients who Emotional Schema Therapy received showed decrease in Negative Emotional Schema(Rumination, guilt, uncontrollability) & Maladaptive Cognitive Emotion Regulation strategies (Self-blaming, Rumination, Catastrophizing) additionally, in some Adaptive Cognitive Emotion Regulation strategies (Positive refocusing, Refocusing on planning, Positive Reappraisal)and Adaptive Emotional Schema (higher values, acceptance, consensus, Comprehensibility) an increase was observed.
Conclusion: Emotional Schema Therapy via targeting directly mechanisms of pathological Emotional Schemas & Maladaptive Cognitive Emotion Regulation strategies. can be appropriate choice for treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).
Correlation between mindfulness and executive functions in blinds veterans
Background and Aim : Mindfulness is ability of self regulating attention and direct it for task. The purpose of present study is evaluation of correlation between mindfulness and executive function in blind veterans.
Materials & Methods : we evaluate 93 blind veterans with Dys executive function and mindfulness questionnaire. Pearson Correlation Test was used to evaluation.
Results : findings show significant correlation between mindfulness and executive function specially inhibition and memory (P<0.01) and arousal (P<0.01) subscale. No correlation found in intentionality and hyperactivity subscale (P>0.05).
Conclusion : Cause of correlation between mindfulness and inhibition, arousal and memory is common structural and functional overlap. Mindfulness can be used as a proper predictor of this subscale of executive functions.
Risk Factors Predicting Hypertension in the Elderly
Instrument & Methods: In this cross-sectional, all patients who visited and received treatment at the general polyclinic and were registered in the Neglasari Health Centre’s report registration were investigated. There were 245 respondents in this survey. A basic random strategy was used to collect samples. Data were collected using questionnaires and observation sheets and analyzed by Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression.
Findings: Age (p=0.000), family history (p=0.015), obesity (p=0.0001), physical activity (p=0.003), stress (p=0.000), excessive salt consumption (p=0.007), alcohol drinking (p=0.0001), and inadequate fiber consumption (p=0.0001) were risk factors for hypertension in the elderly. The degree of stress was the most important risk factor for the occurrence of hypertension in the elderly (OR=4.2).
Conclusion: Both non-modifiable (age and family history) and modifiable (obesity, physical activity, stress, excessive salt consumption, alcohol consumption, and low fiber consumption) factors can influence the occurrence of hypertension. Stress is the most significant factor linked to hypertension.
Investigating the Influence of training religious coping skillson resiliency, adaptability and stress management in veterans' spouses
Background & Purpose: The purpose of this article is to study the effect of training religious coping skills on Resiliency and adaptability components and stress management in veterans' spouses.
Methods & Materials: This study is quasi-experimental. Statistical population included 70 veterans' spouses whose children were studying in Shahed primary school of Mashhad in district5, in 1392-1391education year. For sampling, Available method was used and all the testees were given Connor & Davidson Resilience Questionnaire and bar-on emotional intelligence Questionnaire for investigating two components.30 spouses, results who gained the lowest score in both tests, were selected after the Survey. The testees were divided to two Equal experiment and control groups, through random assignment. Then experiment group was provided religious coping skills training with the Islamic approach in10 sessions. Finally, a post-test was taken from both groups.
Results: The data analysis was performed, for obtaining covariance and Pearson correlation test. Results show a meaningful measure of 0.01 and variables showed direct relationship to the testing component in Pearson correlation test therefore it can be concluded that training of religious coping skills may be useful for veterans' spouses on their resiliency, adaptability.
Conclusion: On the basis of the results of this study, It is concluded that training spouses of veterans, religious coping skills can be effective in Improving their level of mental health and empowering them to deal with their problems.
Quality of life in fibromyalgia syndrome referred to clinic of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation in Baqiyatallah Hospital, Tehran
Background & Purpose: Fibromyalgia syndrome is a chronic disease with unknown etiology musculoskeletal pain and tender points throughout the body are numerous. The aim of this study was to measure quality of life in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome that referred to Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation clinic in Baqiyatallah Hospital.
Methods & Materials: Patients that referred to Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic by a trained physician were asked about diffuse chronic pain, fatigue, sleep disturbance, age, body mass index, level of education and number of children. To assess quality of life, 36-SF questionnaire was used. Also to assess pain, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used. The same physician did a thorough physical examination with special attention to the tender points in order to diagnose fibromyalgia according to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria.
Results: In the study of 59 patients referred to the Baqiyatallah hospital, the findings showed that there was statistically significant relationship between quality of life and pain (p=0.002), age (p=0.01), body mass index (p=0.04) and morning stiffness (p=0.001). However, there is no statistically significant relationship between level of education and quality of life (p=0.09). Also, according to the finding, all quality of life components, especially the physical components, is affected by Fibromyalgia syndrome.
Conclusion: According to the study findings, the quality of life of fibromyalgia patients affected by multiple factors such as diffuse chronic pain, body mass index, age, morning stiffness.
Social Support and Social Health
Instrument & Methods: This descriptive study was a cross-sectional survey conducted on people of Yasuj in 2016. Four hundred people were selected using the cluster sampling method. A standardized questionnaire for the social support variables was used. The information was coded and entered into SPSS 22 software. Kendall's tau-c test was used to analyze the relationships between variables.
Findings: There were significant relationships between social health and social, family, friends, and others' support (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Social support (family, friends, and others) can help increase the social health of individuals, and it can reduce social harm.
Fertility and sexual function after spinal cord injury
Following damage to spinal cord, sexual function and fertility of the survivors would greatly be affected and using assistive reproductive therapies would be inevitable. During a 2-year program, 1429 SCI survivors of Iran-Iraq War were thoroughly examined by urologists. Patients' demographic characteristics and information relevant to sexual and fertility status as date of marriage, number of children and use of assistive reproductive therapies, were recorded. The mean age of the survivors was 37.9±8.5 y/o and the mean period after injury was 14.6±2.9 years. 87.4% of the subjects suffered from paraplegia and 98.4% of them were men. Sexual dysfunction reported in 69.9% of the subjects while fertility problems observed in 58.5%. 23.7% of the cases had no child and 30.4% had a single one. Success rate following IUI, IVF and were 21.9%, 24.1% and 20% respectively. Statistical analysis revealed no relation between level of spinal cord injury and fertility. Relatively high success rate after assistive reproductive therapies would maintain the hope of bearing a child after Spinal Cord Injury.
