About IJWPH
Enhanced Titanium Structures via Spark Plasma Sintering and Shear Extrusion
Aims: This study aimed to investigate the effects of simple shear extrusion following spark plasma sintering on the microstructural and mechanical properties of commercially pure titanium for advanced biomedical applications.
Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, commercially pure titanium samples were first fabricated using spark plasma sintering at 900°C and were subsequently subjected to simple shear extrusion at room temperature. Microstructural analyses were performed using Williamson-Hall XRD calculations to evaluate grain size. Mechanical properties, including hardness and tensile strength, were assessed to determine the influence of the simple shear extrusion process.
Findings: The grain size decreased significantly from 60.2 nm in the spark plasma sintering-processed sample (first sample) to 27.9 nm in the simple shear extrusion-processed sample (second sample). Hardness increased from 373.2 HV in the first sample to 411 HV in the second sample, compared to the base titanium hardness of 315 HV. These findings demonstrate the simple shear extrusion process’s ability to refine the microstructure and enhance mechanical properties.
Conclusion: The fusion of spark plasma sintering and simple shear extrusion not only enhances the mechanical integrity and biocompatibility of titanium components but also establishes a solid foundation for developing next-generation medical implants.
Relationship between Early Maladaptive Schemas and Psychological Capital in Children of Veterans; a Psychological Perspective
Aims: Children’s mental conditions are influenced by their communication with their parents. The purpose of this study was to explain the causal relationship between early maladaptive schemas and psychological capital in the children of veterans, with a focus on the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation.
Instrument & Methods: This descriptive study employed a causal modeling statistical approach for data collection. Out of 86,642 children (boys and girls) of veterans aged 18 to 35, 340 participants were available and voluntarily surveyed from April 2022 to September 2022. The research tools included the Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form, the Psychological Capital Questionnaire by Luthans et al., and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire by Garnefski et al. Data were analyzed using path analysis, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and regression analysis by AMOS 24.
Findings: The evaluated structural model had good fit indices for the data. The path coefficient for adaptive strategies of cognitive emotion regulation with psychological capital was positive (p=0.001; β=0.247), while the path coefficient for maladaptive strategies of cognitive emotion regulation with psychological capital was negative and significant (p=0.001; β=0.338). The total path coefficient (the sum of direct and indirect path coefficients) between early maladaptive schemas and psychological capital was negative and significant (p=0.001; β=0.209).
Conclusion: Both adaptive and maladaptive strategies of cognitive emotion regulation explain the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and psychological capital in the children of veterans.
Diabetes Self-Management and its Association with Medication Adherence in Diabetic Patients
Aims: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic situation requiring effective self-management and medicinal medication adherence to save complications and improve patient consequences. Despite its significance, many patients struggle with those factors, which are influenced by different factors and health literacy. The study aimed to investigate the association between diabetes self-management and medication adherence among diabetic patients.
Instrument & Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at Babylon Diabetes and Endocrinology Center, Iraq, from September 2024 to February 2025. Three hundred twenty-eight diabetic patients were recruited using convenience sampling. The data collection process used included the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire and Medication Adherence Report Scale, each tested as a tool. Data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistical approaches, with Pearson correlation and regression analysis performed to explore the relationships between variables.
Findings: Participants exhibited moderate self-management (63.1%) and high medication adherence (58.8%). A statistically significant correlation was determined between diabetes self-management and medication adherence (r=0.622; p<0.001). Regression analysis indicated that superior self-management substantially predicted higher adherence. Age, gender, education, and earnings were recognized as influencing factors (p<0.05).
Conclusion: There is a moderate level of diabetes management and good adherence to treatment in Babylon province, Iraq, that vary globally due to factors such as access to healthcare, socioeconomic status, and education.
Association Between COVID-19 Infection and Recurrence of Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Herniation After Laminectomy and Discectomy Surgery
Aims: Lumbar disc herniation is a common condition that can lead to pain, numbness, and weakness in the legs. The standard treatment involves surgical removal of the herniated disc. However, some patients experience recurrent lumbar disc herniation. This study aimed to investigate the association between COVID-19 infection and the recurrence of lumbar disc herniation after laminectomy and discectomy surgery.
Instrument & Methods: This case-control study included 150 patients who underwent lumbar laminectomy and discectomy surgery in Yazd County hospitals from 2020 to the first half of 2022. Patients were divided into two groups based on the recurrence of lumbar disc herniation; The non-recurrence group (100 patients) and the recurrence group (50 patients). Data on COVID-19 infection, number of infections, hospitalization, received treatments, and hospital stay duration were collected and analyzed using Chi-square, T-test, and ANOVA.
Findings: A significant association was found between COVID-19 infection and lumbar disc herniation recurrence (p=0.03). Patients in the recurrence group had a higher prevalence of COVID-19 infection (66% vs. 40%), hospitalization due to COVID-19 (18% vs. 7%), and treatment with remdesivir (14% vs. 4%) compared to the non-recurrence group. Additionally, the number of COVID-19 infections was significantly associated with lumbar disc herniation recurrence (p=0.01). Further analysis revealed that receiving remdesivir and symptomatic treatments for lumbar disc herniation were significantly associated with recurrence (p=0.02).
Conclusion: COVID-19 infection and its recurrence are associated with the recurrence of lumbar disc herniation.
Relationship of Loneliness, Perceived Social Support, and Dysfunctional Attitudes with Death Anxiety in Older Adults; the Mediating Role of Spiritual Health
Aims: Death anxiety is a common concern in late adulthood, increasingly influenced by loneliness and perceived social support. This study explored the mediating role of spiritual health in the relationships between loneliness, perceived social support, and dysfunctional attitudes and their impact on death anxiety in older adults.
Instrument & Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was employed with a sample of older adults aged 60 and above (n=384) from May to July 2024 in Shahr-e-Rey, Iran. Participants completed validated questionnaires assessing loneliness, perceived social support, dysfunctional attitudes, spiritual health, and death anxiety. Structural equation modeling was utilized to analyze the data and assess the mediating effects of spiritual health.
Findings: There was a significant positive correlation between loneliness and death anxiety (p<0.05), indicating that higher loneliness levels were associated with increased death anxiety. Additionally, perceived social support correlates negatively with loneliness, suggesting that greater social support reduces feelings of loneliness. Spiritual health demonstrated a significant mediating effect (p<0.05) as it was positively influenced by perceived social support and negatively impacted by loneliness, ultimately leading to reduced death anxiety. Dysfunctional attitudes also emerged as a significant predictor of death anxiety.
Conclusion: Enhancing spiritual health through strengthening perceived social support is a viable strategy to alleviate death anxiety among older adults. Addressing loneliness and fostering supportive social relationships can improve older adults’ mental health and quality of life.
Effectiveness of a Health Education Program in Managing Diabetes Mellitus and Preventing Renal Complications
Aims: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a health education program in increasing knowledge, promoting healthy behavior, glycemic control, and improving the quality of life of patients with diabetes mellitus.
Materials & Methods: This study used quantitative methods, a survey design, and data analysis using Structural Equation Modeling - Partial Least Squares in Surabaya from September to November 2024. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to diabetes mellitus patients in the Gresik Regency. The sampling technique used cluster sampling, considering age, gender, and education level.
Findings: The health education program significantly improved patients' understanding of diabetes management. Knowledge scores increased significantly (p=0.038) after the intervention (4.2±0.8) compared to before (3.1±1.0). The adoption of healthy behaviors also increased (4.0±0.9; p=0.042). In addition, the program positively impacted glycemic control, with a decrease in mean HbA1c from 8.5% to 7.2% (p=0.044). Patients' quality of life improved significantly, both in physical and psychosocial aspects, with a difference in scores before (3.8±1.1) and after (4.5±0.7) the intervention (p=0.005).
Conclusion: Increased knowledge, adoption of healthy behaviors, glycemic control, and quality of life positively influence the effectiveness of the transtheoretical model health education program.
Effect of Osteogenic Genes Expression on Bone Tissue Treatment; an Engineered Animal Model
Aims: Scaffolds are replaced with newly formed bone over time through cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Additionally, Hesperadin reduces osteoclast activity, preventing the absorption of trabecular bone. This research aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of chitosan scaffolds enriched with various concentrations of hesperidin flavonoid on femur fractures by evaluating the expression of Runx2 and OCN genes.
Materials & Methods: The experimental study employed 36 male Wistar rats, each weighing between 220 and 260g, who were randomly assigned to one of six groups following the establishment of a fracture line in the right leg; control (femur fracture model) and treatment groups with scaffolds loaded with different percentages of hesperidin (0, 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10% by polymer weight). After 2 months, the bones were extracted and studied using histological (Trichromasson stain) and real-time PCR methods.
Findings: Compared to the control group, the evaluation of Real-time PCR results demonstrated a substantial increase in Runx2 gene expression in Hesp1%. Also, there was a significant decrease in the expression of this gene in the 0% and 10% groups compared to the 1% group. However, no significant difference was observed between the groups in the expression of the OCN gene. Histological evaluation of the Hesp1% group showed new bone replacement and collagen matrix, compared to the control and the other treated groups.
Conclusion: A chitosan scaffold containing 1% hesperidin has a potential role in bone lesion repair and is a suitable therapeutic strategy in tissue engineering.
Factors affecting the Preparedness of Hospital Emergency Departments Staff in Responding to HazMat and CBRN Incidents: A Scoping Review (2005-2024)
Materials & Methods: This article is based on a scoping review study. Data was sourced from Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, ProQuest and Magiran Databases, covering the period from January 1, 2005, to April 1, 2024. The search components were preparedness, emergency departments, HazMat incidents and CBRN incidents. Out of the 361 articles and documents gathered during the search, 154 were found to be relevant and ultimately, 34 articles were included in the study. Inclusion criteria included research results in all countries, all research methods, and relevance to the study topic and research question. Exclusion criteria included articles in languages other than English and Persian, abstracts of seminar and conference articles, articles that assessed the preparedness of emergency and hospital staff other than HazMat and CBRN incidents, and articles that did not meet the required quality. After excluding all articles that did not meet the inclusion criteria, the full texts of all articles that met the criteria were obtained and reviewed.
Findings: Following the review and several readings with content analysis, meaningful units related to the research questions were categorized into 24 subcategories (Such as human resources, physical resources, financial resources, educational content, teaching method, exercise, decontamination, etc.). These subcategories were then grouped into nine categories based on their similarities and differences, including resources, training and exercises, contamination control and treatment, coordination, evaluation and planning, categorization and guidelines, casualty management, communications and information systems, and hospital management structure.
Conclusion: Currently, the preparedness level of hospital emergency staff to respond to HazMat and CBRN incidents is limited. To ensure the effectiveness of their preparedness and response efforts, and given the increasing HazMat and CBRN threats globally, it is recommended to adopt policies, programs, coordination efforts, funding and other necessary actions to enhance the preparedness of emergency staff for HazMat and CBRN incidents.
Evaluation of the Effect of Conventional and Climb Milling on the Mechanical Properties and Biocompatibility of Pure Titanium: XRD Peak Analysis Using the Williamson-Hall Method for Medical Applications
Bibliometric Analysis of Hospital and Intensive Care Unit Management: Trends and Future
Aim: This study aims to analyze the trends and developments of the study on Hospital and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Management based on bibliometric data from 2014 to 2023. Methods: This study uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach and bibliometric analysis. Data was obtained from reputable international journals indexed by Scopus. Data analysis and visualization were carried out using VOSviewer software to identify research trends, relationships between topics, and geographical distribution of studies. Findings: The results of the analysis show that the number of publications on Hospital and ICU Management increased significantly, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, with the highest spike occurring in 2021. The most frequently popping up keywords include "Patient care", "Healthcare system", "Healthcare policy", "COVID-19", as well as "Medical staff" and "Patient safety", emphasizing the importance of patient safety aspects and healthcare policies in hospital management. The United States is the country with the highest number of publications with 45 documents, followed by the United Kingdom with 20 documents and France with 15 documents. Conclusion: This study provides insight into the research trends of Hospital and ICU Management and points to opportunities for further research in the aspects of "Training", "Infection Control", and "Critical Care of Risk Factors". The study also highlights the urgency of developing artificial intelligence-based technologies and telemedicine to improve the efficiency of care in ICUs.
Review of therapeutic effect of trans cranial magnetic stimulation in psychological disorders
Human brain can be stimulated safely and non invasively by powerful magnetic field. This magnetic field causes a current in stimulated tissue, which stimulates the brain neurons. In psychological disorders, focal brain activity is observed in clinical syndromes. Application of trans-cranial magnetic stimulation as a therapeutic technique proposes to change the selective brain activities. Low frequency repetitive trans-cranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a new method in evaluation and treatment of hyper excitability brain syndromes, which changes brain plasticity. In this review article, therapeutic effect of rTMS in some psychological disease such as depression, post traumatic stress disorder, epilepsy, obsessive compulsive disorder and schizophrenia is discussed.
Examining the effects of ’bad’ and ‘good’ fitting conditions supracondylar PTB socket on interface pressure and comfort of unilateral transtibial amputees: Case Study
Background: Changes in the volume and shape of the stump causes difficulties in maintaining A comfortable and exact fit. Improper fit causes pain, discomfort and movement between stump and socket. There is not enough document to identify how much volume fluctuation causes fitting problem . To identify and understand the relationship between the changes of interface pressure between stump and socket with mentally feeling of amputees in "good" and "bad" fitting conditions.
Method and Material: The study was conducted on two below knee amputees. The method has 2similar stages, SCS was evaluated at both stages with the difference that one was done in bad and other in good fitting condition. To examine stump-socket interface pressure at each stage,static tests with applying half and full body weight to the artifical limb and walking tests were done.
Results: With volume reduction, it seems adding several sock layers to improve fitting condition (force couple correction)imposes high interface pressure to patellar tendon and fibular head which lowers amputees feeling of comfort. Without adding sock layers,stump movement to distal causes unbearable pressure to the distal of tibia.
Conclusion: In static tests, interface pressure increased in good fitting condition at patellar tendon and popliteal region. Walking tests in good fitting condition showed less movement between stump and socket and less improper pressure. Using too many layers of socks to improve fitting causes intolareable interface pressure at regions such as petellar tendon and fibular head.
Frequency of Phantom Pain among patients with Spinal Cord Injury
Summary: Background: Patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) usually have permanent and often devastating neurologic deficits and disability and pain (1). According to the National Institutes of Health, "among neurological disorders, the cost to society of automotive SCI is exceeded only by the cost of mental retardation"(2). Neurogenic pain constitutes one of the enigmatic clinical syndromes faced by patients, clinicians, and researchers (3). Materials and Methods: Current observational descriptive cross-sectional survey is performed among 270 patients with spinal cord injuries including veterans and non-veteran disabled subjects in Tehran-City during 2005. Results: Mean age of the subjects was 37.8±12.2 years. 26.3% were female and 73.7% were male. 17.4% had spinal cord injury in cervical level, 41.5% thoracic, 38.1% lumbar, and 3% Quada Equina level. 76.3% had complete and 23.7% incomplete injuries. 19.3% had injury duration of less than 5 years, 11.9% between 5 to 10 years, and 68.9% upper than 10 years. Phantom pain below the lesion level was present in 89 patients (33%) that included 26% of veterans and 37% of non-veterans. There was a statistically significant association between age, marital status, and injury duration with having phantom pain (P< 0.05). Conclusion: it is concluded that frequency of phantom pain in current study is less than all of previous studies and our patients were totally resistant to analgesic treatments which may be due to physiopathologic basis of such pains in comparison with other pains due to spinal cord injuries.
survey of relationship between abnormalities of the spine and spirometric indices of spinal cord injury veterans
Background & Purpose: In addition to any disability, especially spinal cord injury level of sensory and motor performance of shows, other serious complications in other parts of the body, leaving lasting. . One of these complications, the spine is deformed. Many of the deformation of the spine, opening the chest to reduce this mode reduces the vital capacity and respiratory disorders, negative effects on the cardiovascular system and ultimately cause a change in the amount of their lung capacity is. The objective of this study, survey of relationship is between abnormalities of the spine (Lordosis, Kyphosis, scoliosis) and spirometric parameters (FEV1/FVC, FVC, FEV1, FEF75, PEF).
Materials & Methods:For this purpose, the present study was performed on 60 cases of spinal cord injury veterans And spirometric indices including FEV1/FVC, FVC, FEV1, FEF75, PEF was assessed using spirometry. For data analysis descriptive statistics were used and the test of Pearson inferential statistics were used.
Results: Based on survey results, a relation between Lordosis, scoliosis Kyphosis and spirometric indices, the rate and Kyphosis and Lordosis abnormalities was significant
(P<0.05). But there is no significant difference in the rate of scoliosis (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Due to the complications of spinal deformity and subsequent loss of lung volume in the injured spinal cord injury, for deformity correction protocols and a regular exercise program continued to increase indicators lung is recommended.
Relation between perceived social support and health promotion behaviors in chemical veterans in Ilam province on 2012-13
Background & Purpose: Chemical attacks in war can make short term and long term personal, family and social damages and limited social relationships of victims as compared to ordinary people. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between social support and health promoting behaviors in chemical veteran in Ilam province 2012-13.
Methods & Materials: This cross-sectional study was performed in the entire moderate and severs chemical veterans, who they were covered by the Department of Veterans and Martyrs of Ilam province. Information was collected by using standard questionnaires for health-promoting behavior and Multidimensional scale of perceived social support (family, friends, and important people). The reliability and validity of these instruments was desirable. Inclusion criteria were percentage of disability with moderate and sever levels and enough physical strength to answer questions, and exclusion criteria were also lack of cooperation and have no permanent residence in Ilam province. After data collection, all data were analyzed by SPSS statistical soft ware and Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression.
Results: All of 239 veterans indicated that all of them were men with mean and standard deviation age 51.17± 8.87 years and there is a significant relation between all subscales of social support and health-promotion behavior subscales (p<0.05). Among the subscales of social support, friend support had the highest correlation with health-promoting behaviors (r= 0.391), and support from important people showed the lowest correlation (r= 0.367). The all regression models of health promotion behavior and its subscales were significant.
Conclusion: There is a relation between perceived social support especially friend support and health-promotion behaviors, therefore suggest that the friend as a resource support was used in design of educational programs.
Localization of Hemoxigenase in the epithelium of human air way wall induced by sulfur mustard
Introduction: Sulfur mustard (SM) as an effective chemical agent was used recently in the Iraq war against Iran. Currently more than 40,000 chemical casualty of war left with lung lesions caused by mustard gas.
This combination induce the production of oxygen free radicals are molecules that activate inflammatory processes. Heme Oxigenase is one of the important proteins that decrease the harmful effects of free radicals and involved in many cellular functions such as oxidant/antioxidant system balance in respiratory system.
Methods: 12 biopsy samples of the airway wall (8 chemical samples and 4 control samples) obtain by bronchoscopy. After fixation in Parafrmaldehyd 4%, 20 microns slices were prepared by Cryostat. The expression of HO1, a polymorphism of HO, by immunohistochemistry method in samples of veterans and control groups analysed and were compared.
Results: SM exposed samples were immunonegative for HO1 antibodies in compare to unexposed patients, while Normal ones expressed in high intensity in epithelium as a basal expression.
Conclusion: These findings indicate that this molecule play an important role in protecting cells against oxidative stress, including the poisoning of SM. So it concluded that the absence of this protective factor may be cause for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and continuity of problem.
The relationship between basic need satisfaction and general healthof veteransofIsfahan’s AmiralmomeninHosptital
Background& Purpose: The onlyforcethat hastargetedhealth,physicalandmental. Satisfythebasicneedsrequiredto grow theconsistency,specificityandprovidepsychological well-being. The present study aims at analyzing the efficiency of basic need satisfaction in general in predicting the veterans’ general health at Isfahan’s AmiralmomeninHosptital.
Methods&Material:132 veterans were chosen randomly at AmiralmomeninHospital. They answered the questionnaires of the Basic Need Satisfaction (Basic Needs Satisfaction) and General Health (General Health Questioner ). In order to analyze the data, multivariate (step by step) regression analysis was used.
Result: The results indicated that satisfying the basic need satisfaction has correlation with the veterans’ general health (p<0.001) and also, the results indicated that among the psychological needs, satisfying the autonomy need and general health are predicted significantly (p<0.001).
Conclusion: To sum up, the results of the present study confirmed the efficiency of the basic needs satisfaction in predicting general health.
Psychological- social consequences chemical bombardment of the Sardasht victims (a qualitative study)
Purpose: Aim of the present research is study of psychic and social consequences of chemical bombarding on the victims of Sardasht City by qualitative method.
Material & Method: 15 men and 15 women of Sardasht City victims were selected as available sampling and they were interviewed in semi-structured manner. Method of qualitative research is interpretive. Results of the interviews were divided into several categories.
Results: Results show that psychic and social consequences of chemical bombarding on the victims include complaints such as social complaints, psychic complaints, exhaustion problems, economical complaints, characteristic complaints, anger, no safety sensation, emotional interdependent, decrease of social interaction exist in victims.
Conclusion: Results of the research demonstrate social and psychological problems have higher role in psychic- social consequences of chemical bombarding in ratio with other psychic- social consequences. Finally, we involved in limitations and providing several recommendations
Validation of a Device for Registering Orthotic Wearing Time during the Laboratory Climate Tests on Normal Volunteers
Laboratory instrumentation of orthoses and prostheses can be used to objectively gain accurate information. In this study the measurement of orthosis wearing time during laboratory climate tests with normal volunteers were accomplished to determine the validity and reliability of the device for registering orthotic wearing time that was designed and fabricated in
Energy Storing and -Revealing Prosthetic Feet A Review Study
Aims: Since 1990 a new generation of prosthetic feet as "energy storing" in order to improve the performance and mobility of amputees entered to the markets. The aim of this study was to expansion and explanation of the concept of energy and terms relating to energy transfer as well as an overview of energy storing and returning measurement of prosthetic.
Information & Methods: In this review study, a systematic search of electronic databases, Google Scholar and PubMed was done and papers published from 1950 to 2013 were studied. Key words used were included various combinations of energy analysis, ESAR prosthetic feet and their synonym terms.
Findings: The results obtained from articles classified and examined in the three domains of concepts of energy and energy-related terms, methods of energy analysis in the prosthetic feet and functional classifications and naming of the feet enable to energy storing.
Conclusion: Analysis of the structure and components of prosthesis make it possible to understand how it works. One of the major issues in the analysis of energy transfer of prosthesis is the proper amount of absorption and energy release and the effect of it on amputee. Optimal performance and health of amputee is effective in designing these kinds of prosthesis.
Investigating the Influence of training religious coping skillson resiliency, adaptability and stress management in veterans' spouses
Background & Purpose: The purpose of this article is to study the effect of training religious coping skills on Resiliency and adaptability components and stress management in veterans' spouses.
Methods & Materials: This study is quasi-experimental. Statistical population included 70 veterans' spouses whose children were studying in Shahed primary school of Mashhad in district5, in 1392-1391education year. For sampling, Available method was used and all the testees were given Connor & Davidson Resilience Questionnaire and bar-on emotional intelligence Questionnaire for investigating two components.30 spouses, results who gained the lowest score in both tests, were selected after the Survey. The testees were divided to two Equal experiment and control groups, through random assignment. Then experiment group was provided religious coping skills training with the Islamic approach in10 sessions. Finally, a post-test was taken from both groups.
Results: The data analysis was performed, for obtaining covariance and Pearson correlation test. Results show a meaningful measure of 0.01 and variables showed direct relationship to the testing component in Pearson correlation test therefore it can be concluded that training of religious coping skills may be useful for veterans' spouses on their resiliency, adaptability.
Conclusion: On the basis of the results of this study, It is concluded that training spouses of veterans, religious coping skills can be effective in Improving their level of mental health and empowering them to deal with their problems.
The effect of lateral wedge insole with and without subtalar strap on vertical component of ground reaction force in knee osteoarthritis
Objective: The effects of lateral wedge insoles with and without subtalar strap on vertical component of ground reaction force were compared. Methods: Twenty five patients aged over 40 years with grades I or II of medial compartment knee osteoarthritis based on Kellgrene and Lawrence grading system were participated in this study. They were tested in 3 conditions while walking in a 3-meter walkway: bare foot, lateral wedge insole and lateral wedge insole with subtalar strap. Three successful trials were recorded in each condition. Gait analysis was performed to compare the immediate effect of lateral wedge insole with and without subtalar strap on vertical component of ground reaction force.
Results: There was significant effect of lateral wedge insole with subtalar strap on second peak of vertical ground reaction force related to lateral wedge insole and without insole conditions. But no significant effect of lateral wedge insole with and without subtalar strap was found on first peak of vertical ground reaction force and walking speed.
Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that lateral wedge insole can reduce second peak of vertical ground reaction force. Also it was understood lateral wedge insole with subtalar strap might be more efficacious than lateral wedge insole in mild knee osteoarthritis patients.
The Comparison of the quality of life of the war veterans families with/without Post traumatic Stress Disorder
Introduction: The aim of current study was comparison of the quality of life of the war veteran’s families with/without PTSD.
Method: In this purpose 300 war veterans' families were selected by clustering random sampling in Hamedan province. The measures of this research were quality of life questionnaire 28 items and demographic inventory.
Results: The results of independent samples t-test have shown the war veterans with PTSD reported lower scores on Physical Function, Bodily Pain, General Health, Vitality, Social Functioning, and mental health in comparison of the war veterans without PTSD. The spouses of the war veterans with PTSD also have reported lower quality of life in all subscales in comparison of the spouses of war veterans without PTSD. The children of the war veterans with PTSD have reported lower scores only on general health in comparison of the children of the war veterans without PTSD.
Conclusion: In respect to results, it appears that consideration of family's health in war veterans' families is necessary with special attention to war veterans with PTSD. However, planning, and instructional, therapeutic policies can be useful
Correlation between mindfulness and executive functions in blinds veterans
Background and Aim : Mindfulness is ability of self regulating attention and direct it for task. The purpose of present study is evaluation of correlation between mindfulness and executive function in blind veterans.
Materials & Methods : we evaluate 93 blind veterans with Dys executive function and mindfulness questionnaire. Pearson Correlation Test was used to evaluation.
Results : findings show significant correlation between mindfulness and executive function specially inhibition and memory (P<0.01) and arousal (P<0.01) subscale. No correlation found in intentionality and hyperactivity subscale (P>0.05).
Conclusion : Cause of correlation between mindfulness and inhibition, arousal and memory is common structural and functional overlap. Mindfulness can be used as a proper predictor of this subscale of executive functions.
Quality of life in fibromyalgia syndrome referred to clinic of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation in Baqiyatallah Hospital, Tehran
Background & Purpose: Fibromyalgia syndrome is a chronic disease with unknown etiology musculoskeletal pain and tender points throughout the body are numerous. The aim of this study was to measure quality of life in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome that referred to Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation clinic in Baqiyatallah Hospital.
Methods & Materials: Patients that referred to Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic by a trained physician were asked about diffuse chronic pain, fatigue, sleep disturbance, age, body mass index, level of education and number of children. To assess quality of life, 36-SF questionnaire was used. Also to assess pain, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used. The same physician did a thorough physical examination with special attention to the tender points in order to diagnose fibromyalgia according to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria.
Results: In the study of 59 patients referred to the Baqiyatallah hospital, the findings showed that there was statistically significant relationship between quality of life and pain (p=0.002), age (p=0.01), body mass index (p=0.04) and morning stiffness (p=0.001). However, there is no statistically significant relationship between level of education and quality of life (p=0.09). Also, according to the finding, all quality of life components, especially the physical components, is affected by Fibromyalgia syndrome.
Conclusion: According to the study findings, the quality of life of fibromyalgia patients affected by multiple factors such as diffuse chronic pain, body mass index, age, morning stiffness.
Effectiveness of Emotional Schema Therapy on Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies of Combat-Related Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Veterans
Introduction: This study aims to examine the effectiveness of Emotional Schema Therapy on The Emotional Schema & Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies of patients suffering from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).
Method: 6 patients from the clients of psychiatric clinic of Baqiyatallah hospital, were selected through available sampling, matched together and then divided into 3 groups (Emotional Schema Therapy combined with Medications, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy combined with Medications & Medications) Patients were examined 5 & 3 times by Leahy Emotional Schema Scale (LESS) and the Short Form of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ-18) and The Persian versions of the Impact of Event Scale-Revise (IES-R). To analyze the data, indexes of effect size, cohen’s d, process changes, slope and interpretation of ups & downs in charts were employed.
Result: After treatment, scores of patients who Emotional Schema Therapy received showed decrease in Negative Emotional Schema(Rumination, guilt, uncontrollability) & Maladaptive Cognitive Emotion Regulation strategies (Self-blaming, Rumination, Catastrophizing) additionally, in some Adaptive Cognitive Emotion Regulation strategies (Positive refocusing, Refocusing on planning, Positive Reappraisal)and Adaptive Emotional Schema (higher values, acceptance, consensus, Comprehensibility) an increase was observed.
Conclusion: Emotional Schema Therapy via targeting directly mechanisms of pathological Emotional Schemas & Maladaptive Cognitive Emotion Regulation strategies. can be appropriate choice for treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).
Fertility and sexual function after spinal cord injury
Following damage to spinal cord, sexual function and fertility of the survivors would greatly be affected and using assistive reproductive therapies would be inevitable. During a 2-year program, 1429 SCI survivors of Iran-Iraq War were thoroughly examined by urologists. Patients' demographic characteristics and information relevant to sexual and fertility status as date of marriage, number of children and use of assistive reproductive therapies, were recorded. The mean age of the survivors was 37.9±8.5 y/o and the mean period after injury was 14.6±2.9 years. 87.4% of the subjects suffered from paraplegia and 98.4% of them were men. Sexual dysfunction reported in 69.9% of the subjects while fertility problems observed in 58.5%. 23.7% of the cases had no child and 30.4% had a single one. Success rate following IUI, IVF and were 21.9%, 24.1% and 20% respectively. Statistical analysis revealed no relation between level of spinal cord injury and fertility. Relatively high success rate after assistive reproductive therapies would maintain the hope of bearing a child after Spinal Cord Injury.
Comparative of Mental Health Disabled People of Athletic and Non-Athletic
Background: In the field of exercise and mental health was already on the perception that sport is beneficial for physical health. Today physical exercise can also be effective in promoting mental health.
Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to compare mental health of athletic and non-athletic disabled people in Arak city.
Materials and Method: A descriptive-analytical study and cross method, was done to evaluate the mental. Disabled man in the entire city was considered as a population study. Samples were selected randomly into two groups with 120 athletes (60) and non-athletes (60). Mental health of participants was assessed by GHQ-28. Descriptive statistics and ANOVA test and Tukey post hoc test was used for data analysis.
Results: Findings of study showed significant differences between mental health of athletic and non-athletic disabled people. Disabled people that participant in physical activity were in better mental health situation than the non-athletic disabled people.
Conclusion: According to sport effective role on mental health of people, especially disabled people recommend responsible organizations for making the bed than the rest of the act.
Viewpoints of Veterans Affected by Psychological Disorders towards usage of telemental services for War Veterans
Background & Purpose: The use of telemedicine in military capabilities, access to specialized medical services, resulting in a continuing care for veterans is possible. This study aimed to investigate psychological warfare point of using mental health systems has been done remotely for war veterans.
Methods & Materials: This cross - sectional study was conducted in 2013 A questionnaire was designed and standardized by receiving comments from telemedicine experts and psychiatrist. The researcher personally visited respondents, thus 100% data were collected. Data analysis using 17.0 SPSS software and descriptive statistics were performed.
Results: Veterans on the effectiveness and necessity of mental health service use remote stressed. And concerns about access to a computer, provided the drug, the need for further training and active involvement of families.
Conclusion: It is clear that the Telemental health is practical solutions to meet the mental health needs of veterans. .In the discussion, such as user training requirements, reliability, confidentiality and other legal policies should be considered. Experiences of other countries indicate the success of this type of service needs assessment, feasibility and planning is correct.
