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Volume 18, Issue 2 (2026)
Iran J War Public Health 2026, 18(2): 1001-1015 |
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Ethics code: IR.HSU.REC.1402.028
History
Received: 2026/06/1 | Accepted: 2026/06/27 | Published: 2026/07/19
Received: 2026/06/1 | Accepted: 2026/06/27 | Published: 2026/07/19
How to cite this article
Shahabi Kaseb M, Parhizmeymandi N, Mehranian A, Shakerian Toupkanlou N. Effects of Unstable Surface Resistance Training on Memory, Balance, and Muscle Strength in a 68-Year-Old Veteran: A Single-Subject Study. Iran J War Public Health 2026; 18 (2) :1001-1015
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Abstract (25 Views)
Aims: The present single-case study aimed to investigate the effects of unstable surface resistance training on cognitive and motor functions in an older war veteran.
Materials & Methods: An A–B–A single-subject experimental design was employed with a 68-year-old male veteran who had a history of lower-limb injury. The intervention consisted of a 4-week unstable surface resistance training program (three sessions per week) using bodyweight squats on a foam surface with progressive overload. Outcome measures included lower-extremity muscular strength (30-Second Chair Stand Test), static balance (Romberg test), dynamic balance (Timed Up and Go test), and short-term memory (Wechsler Memory Scale subtests). Assessments were conducted at baseline, during the intervention, and withdrawal phases. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, visual inspection, and within- and between-phase comparisons.
Findings: The findings indicated improvements in lower-limb strength, static and dynamic balance, and short-term memory during the intervention phase. Although some reduction in performance was observed during the withdrawal phase, overall improvements remained evident compared with initial baseline levels, suggesting a functional relationship between the intervention and observed changes.
Conclusion: Unstable surface resistance training may be an effective rehabilitative approach for improving both motor and cognitive functions in older veterans. The simultaneous demand on neuromuscular control and cognitive processing may contribute to observed gains in strength, balance, and memory. However, due to the single-case design, generalization of findings should be made cautiously, and further research with larger samples is recommended.
Materials & Methods: An A–B–A single-subject experimental design was employed with a 68-year-old male veteran who had a history of lower-limb injury. The intervention consisted of a 4-week unstable surface resistance training program (three sessions per week) using bodyweight squats on a foam surface with progressive overload. Outcome measures included lower-extremity muscular strength (30-Second Chair Stand Test), static balance (Romberg test), dynamic balance (Timed Up and Go test), and short-term memory (Wechsler Memory Scale subtests). Assessments were conducted at baseline, during the intervention, and withdrawal phases. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, visual inspection, and within- and between-phase comparisons.
Findings: The findings indicated improvements in lower-limb strength, static and dynamic balance, and short-term memory during the intervention phase. Although some reduction in performance was observed during the withdrawal phase, overall improvements remained evident compared with initial baseline levels, suggesting a functional relationship between the intervention and observed changes.
Conclusion: Unstable surface resistance training may be an effective rehabilitative approach for improving both motor and cognitive functions in older veterans. The simultaneous demand on neuromuscular control and cognitive processing may contribute to observed gains in strength, balance, and memory. However, due to the single-case design, generalization of findings should be made cautiously, and further research with larger samples is recommended.
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