About IJWPH
Social Support and its Association to Self-Efficacy among Users of Prostheses after Lower Limb Amputation
Instrument & Methods: This descriptive correlational study was conducted in Baghdad City at the Rusafa Health Department from October 1, 2023, to March 24, 2024. The study sample comprised 200 patients selected through the non-probability sampling method. The used questionnaire was validated by experts, and its reliability was confirmed through a pilot study. Data were gathered through interviews and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Findings: A notable percentage of lower limb amputees utilizing prostheses exhibited low self-efficacy (60%) and moderate social support (40.5%). Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between social support and self-efficacy, particularly in managing fatigue (r=0.133), coping with pain (r=0.198), handling emotional distress (r=0.172), addressing other symptoms (r=0.180) and health issues, and overall self-efficacy (r=0.173).
Conclusion: Interventions focused on enhancing social support networks significantly enhance self-efficacy and overall well-being in this demographic, ultimately fostering improved adjustment and quality of life post-amputation.
Comparison of the Isokinetic Strength of Knee Muscles Between Normally Sighted and Visually Impaired Girls
Instrument & Methods: This descriptive study was carried out on sighted and visually impaired female students in June 2023 in Tehran, Iran. The samples were selected by convenience sampling (n=52; 22 visually impaired and blind, 30 sighted). Maximum torque (normalized to body weight), average power, and the ratio of agonist to antagonist muscles in knee flexion and extension at three angular velocities (60, 120, 180 degrees per second) were evaluated and compared between the two groups using an isokinetic dynamometer. Data was analysed by an independent t-test.
Findings: The maximum isokinetic torque of knee extensor muscles in sighted individuals at angular velocities of 60, 120, and 180 degrees per second in both the dominant and non-dominant legs was significantly better than their visually impaired counterparts. However, visually impaired individuals had significantly greater maximum torque in knee flexion at a speed of 60 degrees per second in both legs (p<0.05). No significant differences were observed at other speeds. Additionally, a significant difference was found in the mean power in the dominant and non-dominant legs at three angular velocities (60, 120, and 180 degrees per second) in favor of sighted individuals.
Conclusion: Visually impaired individuals had significantly higher values for maximum torque and power compared to individuals with visual impairments. Therefore, intervention programs to address this deficiency should commence early in the growth period of visually impaired individuals.
Healthcare Services and its Association with Quality of Life among Amputees
Instrument & Methods: This descriptive correlational study was carried out at the Al-Rusafa Health Directorate in Baghdad City from October 1, 2023, to March 21, 2024. The study sample comprised 200 clients selected through non-probability sampling. The used questionnaire underwent validation by experts, and its reliability was confirmed through a pilot study. Data were collected via interviews and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Findings: The average age of the participants was 49.68 years, with the majority being male (65.5%), married (63%), and having completed middle school (49.5%). Among the participants, 42.5% were retirees, with most having incomes of 100 to less than 200 dollars per month (47%). Health conditions, particularly in the lower extremities (73%), led to amputation, with an average of 14.71 years since the amputation and 48.5% since the use of prostheses. The simple linear regression analysis showed that increased healthcare services were linked to enhanced physical, psychological, social, and overall quality of life (p=0.0001).
Conclusion: There is a robust and positive correlation between healthcare services for amputees and their comprehensive QOL, encompassing physical, psychological, and social aspects.
Amputation-related Factors Influencing Activities of Daily Living among Amputees
Instrument & Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Babylon Rehabilitation Centre from August 1st and November 20th, 2023. The study sample consists of 250 amputees using a standardized questionnaire. Data were collected through the interviews and analyzed by applying descriptive and inferential statistical approaches.
Findings: A significant portion of amputees (63.6%) exhibited poor activities of daily living, with factors such as age (p=0.0001), gender (p=0.008), amputation reasons (p=0.0001), site (p=0.005), and duration (p=0.0001) being predictive variables according to simple linear regression analysis.
Conclusion: Amputees are poorly able to do the activities of their daily living.
Ethical Challenges in Nuclear/Radiation Accidents; A Systematic Review
Information & Methods: This was a systematic review study carried out in 2022. To conduct this study, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases were used without time limit.
Findings: Bioethics was a field seeking to determine the appropriate behaviors for individuals in various health-related circumstances. It considered factors such as health status and participation in healthcare. SHAMISEN (Nuclear Emergency Situations- Improvement of Medical and Health Surveillance), on the other hand, took a comprehensive approach to health by considering all aspects of a situation. One of the most significant ethical dilemmas in nuclear or radiation accidents was how to protect vulnerable groups during disaster situations.
Conclusion: Eight themes of bioethics, justice, humanitarian activities, rights of the injured, injured triage, emergency evacuation, rights of vulnerable groups, and rights of medical response professionals are used to categorize ethical difficulties in nuclear/radiation accidents.
Psychological Burdens Experienced by Wives of Disabled People; A Focus on Disability-Related Factors
Instrument & Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Babylon Rehabilitation Center for Disability from April to June 2024. The study sample consisted of 250 wives of individuals with disabilities. Data were collected through interviews and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical approaches.
Findings: A significant majority (81.6%) of the wives of individuals with disabilities suffered from considerable psychological burdens and the psychological burdens of wives increased by 29.287 times with every decrease in monthly income. Likewise, the results indicated a 27.83-fold increase in burdens for those with severe disabilities, while there was a 2.340-fold increase associated with longer periods of disability. There was a statistically significant difference in psychological burdens based on the reasons for spouses’ disabilities (p=0.001) and the location of the disability (p=0.001).
Conclusions: The majority of wives people with disability suffer from significant psychological burdens and low monthly income, the severity of the disability, and the duration of the disability greatly exacerbate these burdens.
The Relationship between Perception of Disability, Self-Concept, and Self-Efficacy in Veterans and Individuals with Physical Disabilities
Instrument & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Isfahan in 2020 employing a structural equation modeling approach. A group of samples including 280 veterans and individuals with physical disabilities, supported by the Martyr Foundation and the Welfare Organization of Isfahan City, Iran was selected using an available sampling method. Data collection instruments included the Self-Efficacy Belief Scale, Beck's Self-Concept Scale, the Inferiority Scale, and the Disability Impact Scale.
Findings: The relationship between disability perception and both self-concept and self-efficacy was positive and significant. Furthermore, the perception of disability indirectly affected self-concept by reducing feelings of inferiority (p<0.001).
Conclusion: People with physical disabilities tend to have lower self-concept and self-efficacy due to feelings of inferiority. A more positive perception of disability is associated with higher self-concept and self-efficacy and a reduction in feelings of inferiority.
Social Interaction and Its Association with Quality of Life among Lower Limb Amputees
Instrument & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on individuals with lower limb amputation in Baghdad from April to June 2024. The samples were adults aged 18 years and older who had undergone an amputation at least six months prior and possessed the cognitive ability to participate. Data were collected through interviews and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical procedures.
Findings: 75.6% of lower limb amputees experienced low social interaction, 74.9% reported minimal social support and 77.1% indicated poor quality of their lives. There was a strong correlation between social interaction and social support (r=0.75), a positive correlation between social interaction and quality of life (r=0.83), and a positive correlation between social support and quality of life (r=0.77) among lower limb amputees.
Conclusion: The lower extremity amputees face significant challenges related to social interaction, social support, and overall quality of life.
Resistance Training and Its Impact on Blood Glucose, Testosterone, FSH, and LH Levels in Men with Type 2 Diabetes
Materials & Methods: This semi-experimental study included 20 men with type 2 diabetes (aged 45-60 years) who were randomly assigned to the resistance training or the control groups (n=10 per group). The training group participated in an eight-week supervised program targeting major muscle groups. Blood samples were collected pre- and post-intervention to measure blood glucose, testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone levels. Data were analyzed by SPSS 26 using the mixed ANOVA and an independent t-test.
Findings: The resistance training group demonstrated significant improvements (p<0.05) in blood glucose, testosterone, and luteinizing hormone levels compared to the control group and baseline measurements. No significant changes were observed in follicle-stimulating hormone (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Eight weeks of resistance training enhance blood glucose control and gonadal function in men with type 2 diabetes.
Nurses’ Practices Concerning Infection Control Measures in Intensive Care Units
Instrument & Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Hilla City at the four main teaching hospitals on 200 nurses selected using a non-probability sampling from October 1, 2023, to April 8, 2024. The total number of practices included in the evaluation list was 55 items. The evaluation checklist was validated by experts, and its reliability was verified through a pilot study. Data were collected using three observation methods and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Findings: A considerable portion (81%) of nurses demonstrated inadequate practices in infection control measures within intensive care units, with relatively low average scores. Nurses’ age (p=0.013), education level (p=0.0001), years of experience (p=0.0001), years of experience in the current workplace (p=0.0001), and the number of training courses attended (p=0.0001) were associated with these practices.
Conclusion: Older age, higher education level, more years of experience, longer tenure in the current workplace, and participation in more training courses are associated with better nurses’ practices regarding infection control measures.
Effect of Aquatic Exercises on Emotional Intelligence and Quality of Life of Inactive Veterans
Materials & Methods: This quasi-experimental study utilized a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and its statistical population was all veterans in Ilam City, from which a sample of 28 individuals was selected using available and voluntary sampling methods. The samples were divided into the experimental (n=14) and control (n=14) groups. The library method was employed to collect the background and theoretical foundations of the research and two standard emotional intelligence questionnaires including Bar-On (2002) and Quality of Life (2000) were used to gather data. For data analysis, univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance with SPSS 24 was employed.
Findings: Before the intervention, there were no significant differences in emotional intelligence and quality of life between the experimental and control groups, and the groups were homogeneous. However, after the exercise intervention, improvements in emotional intelligence and quality of life were observed in the experimental group compared to the control group (p≤0.05). Thus, aquatic exercises had a significant impact on enhancing emotional intelligence and quality of life in the experimental group.
Conclusion: Aquatic exercises lead to improvements in emotional intelligence and quality of life in veterans.
Innovative Veteran Public Service Policy in the Republic of Indonesia
Participants & Methods: This was an exploratory and descriptive study carried out in Indonesia in 2020. Researchers used a survey of academic literature in the field of public policy to identify relevant concepts for the study of public service innovation. Data was collected from a variety of sources, including government documents and print and electronic media serving as secondary data. The data was then processed and described in narrative form reflecting the realities of the collected information and analyzed accordingly.
Findings: The innovation in service policy focused on simplifying the service policy preparation process and facilitating easier implementation. Most of the innovation outcomes addressed solving public service challenges. This showed that public service policy innovators are focused on tackling practical issues with tangible impacts.
Conclusion: Key challenges in veteran services include long service times, outdated infrastructure, and limited contact with veterans due to aging.
Clinical and Anti-Oxidant Effect of Adding Coq10 To Biological Therapy In Treating Moderate To Severe Psoriasis
and recruitment of immune cells, thus, it is possible that CoQ10 therapy may modify the function of oxidative stress, subsequently inhibiting keratinocyte proliferation. The goal of the present study attempts the addition of CoQ10 to biological therapy can help to relieve inflammation from Iraqi patients suffering from moderate to severe psoriasis Subjects and Methods: The investigational group involves thirty individuals with moderate to severe psoriasis were divided into (2) groups at random: Fifteen psoriatic patients received treatment with 40 mg of Adalimumab twice a month for a period of twelve weeks in Group A. Similarly, fifteen psoriatic patients received treatment with 40 mg of Adalimumab twice a month in Group B, along with a daily dose of 100 mg of CoQ10. The percentage improvement changes during the treatment period were assessed using the psoriasis area and severity index (PASI). In addition, serum levels for oxidative stress indicators, including SOD and MDA, were measured before and after therapy using the ELISA technique .Results: When compared to the patients before treatment, the two groups showed a substantial decline (p<0.05) after treatment; however, group B, which added CoQ10 to biological treatment, showed a highly significant decrease (p<0.05) in mean SOD level and MDA after treatment. Furthermore, following twelve weeks of treatment, group B's use of combined adjuvant therapy showed even greater recovery, as indicated by a 79% PIC PASI score improvement as opposed to a 60% PIC score. Conclusion: This trail exhibits that addition everyday dose of CoQ10 to biological treatment has additional positive impact on reducing oxidative stress related to psoriasis.
Nursing Documentation of Hygiene Practices in Intensive Care Units
Aims: Nursing documentation is part of nurses' medical notes and a source of basic and essential information in health care, a patient record containing all written information about a patient's condition and needs. The aims: to assess the nursing documentation of hygiene practice for patients in ICU and to find out the relationship between nurses’ documentation of patient hygiene practice and their demographic characteristics
Methods: The study was conducted for the period from 9th February 2023 - 26 June 2024. The observational checklist has been applied by researcher to a convenience (non-probability) method of (125) of nurses who are work in intensive care unit at Middle Euphrates teaching hospital.
Result: The findings reveal that most of the sample nurses were male, the age ranged from (20-29 ) years, and (74.4%) of nurses exhibited poor documentation of hygiene practices for unconscious patients, the most of the study sample hadn't training sessions related to documenting in nursing.
Conclusion: The findings revealed that overall assessment for the documentation of the nursing staff was poor. Regarding to the recommendations, nurses should be given training sessions as a unique challenge to demonstrate the importance of documentation and recording nursing activities.
Review of therapeutic effect of trans cranial magnetic stimulation in psychological disorders
Human brain can be stimulated safely and non invasively by powerful magnetic field. This magnetic field causes a current in stimulated tissue, which stimulates the brain neurons. In psychological disorders, focal brain activity is observed in clinical syndromes. Application of trans-cranial magnetic stimulation as a therapeutic technique proposes to change the selective brain activities. Low frequency repetitive trans-cranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a new method in evaluation and treatment of hyper excitability brain syndromes, which changes brain plasticity. In this review article, therapeutic effect of rTMS in some psychological disease such as depression, post traumatic stress disorder, epilepsy, obsessive compulsive disorder and schizophrenia is discussed.
Examining the effects of ’bad’ and ‘good’ fitting conditions supracondylar PTB socket on interface pressure and comfort of unilateral transtibial amputees: Case Study
Background: Changes in the volume and shape of the stump causes difficulties in maintaining A comfortable and exact fit. Improper fit causes pain, discomfort and movement between stump and socket. There is not enough document to identify how much volume fluctuation causes fitting problem . To identify and understand the relationship between the changes of interface pressure between stump and socket with mentally feeling of amputees in "good" and "bad" fitting conditions.
Method and Material: The study was conducted on two below knee amputees. The method has 2similar stages, SCS was evaluated at both stages with the difference that one was done in bad and other in good fitting condition. To examine stump-socket interface pressure at each stage,static tests with applying half and full body weight to the artifical limb and walking tests were done.
Results: With volume reduction, it seems adding several sock layers to improve fitting condition (force couple correction)imposes high interface pressure to patellar tendon and fibular head which lowers amputees feeling of comfort. Without adding sock layers,stump movement to distal causes unbearable pressure to the distal of tibia.
Conclusion: In static tests, interface pressure increased in good fitting condition at patellar tendon and popliteal region. Walking tests in good fitting condition showed less movement between stump and socket and less improper pressure. Using too many layers of socks to improve fitting causes intolareable interface pressure at regions such as petellar tendon and fibular head.
Frequency of Phantom Pain among patients with Spinal Cord Injury
Summary: Background: Patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) usually have permanent and often devastating neurologic deficits and disability and pain (1). According to the National Institutes of Health, "among neurological disorders, the cost to society of automotive SCI is exceeded only by the cost of mental retardation"(2). Neurogenic pain constitutes one of the enigmatic clinical syndromes faced by patients, clinicians, and researchers (3). Materials and Methods: Current observational descriptive cross-sectional survey is performed among 270 patients with spinal cord injuries including veterans and non-veteran disabled subjects in Tehran-City during 2005. Results: Mean age of the subjects was 37.8±12.2 years. 26.3% were female and 73.7% were male. 17.4% had spinal cord injury in cervical level, 41.5% thoracic, 38.1% lumbar, and 3% Quada Equina level. 76.3% had complete and 23.7% incomplete injuries. 19.3% had injury duration of less than 5 years, 11.9% between 5 to 10 years, and 68.9% upper than 10 years. Phantom pain below the lesion level was present in 89 patients (33%) that included 26% of veterans and 37% of non-veterans. There was a statistically significant association between age, marital status, and injury duration with having phantom pain (P< 0.05). Conclusion: it is concluded that frequency of phantom pain in current study is less than all of previous studies and our patients were totally resistant to analgesic treatments which may be due to physiopathologic basis of such pains in comparison with other pains due to spinal cord injuries.
survey of relationship between abnormalities of the spine and spirometric indices of spinal cord injury veterans
Background & Purpose: In addition to any disability, especially spinal cord injury level of sensory and motor performance of shows, other serious complications in other parts of the body, leaving lasting. . One of these complications, the spine is deformed. Many of the deformation of the spine, opening the chest to reduce this mode reduces the vital capacity and respiratory disorders, negative effects on the cardiovascular system and ultimately cause a change in the amount of their lung capacity is. The objective of this study, survey of relationship is between abnormalities of the spine (Lordosis, Kyphosis, scoliosis) and spirometric parameters (FEV1/FVC, FVC, FEV1, FEF75, PEF).
Materials & Methods:For this purpose, the present study was performed on 60 cases of spinal cord injury veterans And spirometric indices including FEV1/FVC, FVC, FEV1, FEF75, PEF was assessed using spirometry. For data analysis descriptive statistics were used and the test of Pearson inferential statistics were used.
Results: Based on survey results, a relation between Lordosis, scoliosis Kyphosis and spirometric indices, the rate and Kyphosis and Lordosis abnormalities was significant
(P<0.05). But there is no significant difference in the rate of scoliosis (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Due to the complications of spinal deformity and subsequent loss of lung volume in the injured spinal cord injury, for deformity correction protocols and a regular exercise program continued to increase indicators lung is recommended.
Relation between perceived social support and health promotion behaviors in chemical veterans in Ilam province on 2012-13
Background & Purpose: Chemical attacks in war can make short term and long term personal, family and social damages and limited social relationships of victims as compared to ordinary people. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between social support and health promoting behaviors in chemical veteran in Ilam province 2012-13.
Methods & Materials: This cross-sectional study was performed in the entire moderate and severs chemical veterans, who they were covered by the Department of Veterans and Martyrs of Ilam province. Information was collected by using standard questionnaires for health-promoting behavior and Multidimensional scale of perceived social support (family, friends, and important people). The reliability and validity of these instruments was desirable. Inclusion criteria were percentage of disability with moderate and sever levels and enough physical strength to answer questions, and exclusion criteria were also lack of cooperation and have no permanent residence in Ilam province. After data collection, all data were analyzed by SPSS statistical soft ware and Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression.
Results: All of 239 veterans indicated that all of them were men with mean and standard deviation age 51.17± 8.87 years and there is a significant relation between all subscales of social support and health-promotion behavior subscales (p<0.05). Among the subscales of social support, friend support had the highest correlation with health-promoting behaviors (r= 0.391), and support from important people showed the lowest correlation (r= 0.367). The all regression models of health promotion behavior and its subscales were significant.
Conclusion: There is a relation between perceived social support especially friend support and health-promotion behaviors, therefore suggest that the friend as a resource support was used in design of educational programs.
The relationship between basic need satisfaction and general healthof veteransofIsfahan’s AmiralmomeninHosptital
Background& Purpose: The onlyforcethat hastargetedhealth,physicalandmental. Satisfythebasicneedsrequiredto grow theconsistency,specificityandprovidepsychological well-being. The present study aims at analyzing the efficiency of basic need satisfaction in general in predicting the veterans’ general health at Isfahan’s AmiralmomeninHosptital.
Methods&Material:132 veterans were chosen randomly at AmiralmomeninHospital. They answered the questionnaires of the Basic Need Satisfaction (Basic Needs Satisfaction) and General Health (General Health Questioner ). In order to analyze the data, multivariate (step by step) regression analysis was used.
Result: The results indicated that satisfying the basic need satisfaction has correlation with the veterans’ general health (p<0.001) and also, the results indicated that among the psychological needs, satisfying the autonomy need and general health are predicted significantly (p<0.001).
Conclusion: To sum up, the results of the present study confirmed the efficiency of the basic needs satisfaction in predicting general health.
Localization of Hemoxigenase in the epithelium of human air way wall induced by sulfur mustard
Introduction: Sulfur mustard (SM) as an effective chemical agent was used recently in the Iraq war against Iran. Currently more than 40,000 chemical casualty of war left with lung lesions caused by mustard gas.
This combination induce the production of oxygen free radicals are molecules that activate inflammatory processes. Heme Oxigenase is one of the important proteins that decrease the harmful effects of free radicals and involved in many cellular functions such as oxidant/antioxidant system balance in respiratory system.
Methods: 12 biopsy samples of the airway wall (8 chemical samples and 4 control samples) obtain by bronchoscopy. After fixation in Parafrmaldehyd 4%, 20 microns slices were prepared by Cryostat. The expression of HO1, a polymorphism of HO, by immunohistochemistry method in samples of veterans and control groups analysed and were compared.
Results: SM exposed samples were immunonegative for HO1 antibodies in compare to unexposed patients, while Normal ones expressed in high intensity in epithelium as a basal expression.
Conclusion: These findings indicate that this molecule play an important role in protecting cells against oxidative stress, including the poisoning of SM. So it concluded that the absence of this protective factor may be cause for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and continuity of problem.
Psychological- social consequences chemical bombardment of the Sardasht victims (a qualitative study)
Purpose: Aim of the present research is study of psychic and social consequences of chemical bombarding on the victims of Sardasht City by qualitative method.
Material & Method: 15 men and 15 women of Sardasht City victims were selected as available sampling and they were interviewed in semi-structured manner. Method of qualitative research is interpretive. Results of the interviews were divided into several categories.
Results: Results show that psychic and social consequences of chemical bombarding on the victims include complaints such as social complaints, psychic complaints, exhaustion problems, economical complaints, characteristic complaints, anger, no safety sensation, emotional interdependent, decrease of social interaction exist in victims.
Conclusion: Results of the research demonstrate social and psychological problems have higher role in psychic- social consequences of chemical bombarding in ratio with other psychic- social consequences. Finally, we involved in limitations and providing several recommendations
Validation of a Device for Registering Orthotic Wearing Time during the Laboratory Climate Tests on Normal Volunteers
Laboratory instrumentation of orthoses and prostheses can be used to objectively gain accurate information. In this study the measurement of orthosis wearing time during laboratory climate tests with normal volunteers were accomplished to determine the validity and reliability of the device for registering orthotic wearing time that was designed and fabricated in
Investigating the Influence of training religious coping skillson resiliency, adaptability and stress management in veterans' spouses
Background & Purpose: The purpose of this article is to study the effect of training religious coping skills on Resiliency and adaptability components and stress management in veterans' spouses.
Methods & Materials: This study is quasi-experimental. Statistical population included 70 veterans' spouses whose children were studying in Shahed primary school of Mashhad in district5, in 1392-1391education year. For sampling, Available method was used and all the testees were given Connor & Davidson Resilience Questionnaire and bar-on emotional intelligence Questionnaire for investigating two components.30 spouses, results who gained the lowest score in both tests, were selected after the Survey. The testees were divided to two Equal experiment and control groups, through random assignment. Then experiment group was provided religious coping skills training with the Islamic approach in10 sessions. Finally, a post-test was taken from both groups.
Results: The data analysis was performed, for obtaining covariance and Pearson correlation test. Results show a meaningful measure of 0.01 and variables showed direct relationship to the testing component in Pearson correlation test therefore it can be concluded that training of religious coping skills may be useful for veterans' spouses on their resiliency, adaptability.
Conclusion: On the basis of the results of this study, It is concluded that training spouses of veterans, religious coping skills can be effective in Improving their level of mental health and empowering them to deal with their problems.
Energy Storing and -Revealing Prosthetic Feet A Review Study
Aims: Since 1990 a new generation of prosthetic feet as "energy storing" in order to improve the performance and mobility of amputees entered to the markets. The aim of this study was to expansion and explanation of the concept of energy and terms relating to energy transfer as well as an overview of energy storing and returning measurement of prosthetic.
Information & Methods: In this review study, a systematic search of electronic databases, Google Scholar and PubMed was done and papers published from 1950 to 2013 were studied. Key words used were included various combinations of energy analysis, ESAR prosthetic feet and their synonym terms.
Findings: The results obtained from articles classified and examined in the three domains of concepts of energy and energy-related terms, methods of energy analysis in the prosthetic feet and functional classifications and naming of the feet enable to energy storing.
Conclusion: Analysis of the structure and components of prosthesis make it possible to understand how it works. One of the major issues in the analysis of energy transfer of prosthesis is the proper amount of absorption and energy release and the effect of it on amputee. Optimal performance and health of amputee is effective in designing these kinds of prosthesis.
The effect of lateral wedge insole with and without subtalar strap on vertical component of ground reaction force in knee osteoarthritis
Objective: The effects of lateral wedge insoles with and without subtalar strap on vertical component of ground reaction force were compared. Methods: Twenty five patients aged over 40 years with grades I or II of medial compartment knee osteoarthritis based on Kellgrene and Lawrence grading system were participated in this study. They were tested in 3 conditions while walking in a 3-meter walkway: bare foot, lateral wedge insole and lateral wedge insole with subtalar strap. Three successful trials were recorded in each condition. Gait analysis was performed to compare the immediate effect of lateral wedge insole with and without subtalar strap on vertical component of ground reaction force.
Results: There was significant effect of lateral wedge insole with subtalar strap on second peak of vertical ground reaction force related to lateral wedge insole and without insole conditions. But no significant effect of lateral wedge insole with and without subtalar strap was found on first peak of vertical ground reaction force and walking speed.
Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that lateral wedge insole can reduce second peak of vertical ground reaction force. Also it was understood lateral wedge insole with subtalar strap might be more efficacious than lateral wedge insole in mild knee osteoarthritis patients.
The Comparison of the quality of life of the war veterans families with/without Post traumatic Stress Disorder
Introduction: The aim of current study was comparison of the quality of life of the war veteran’s families with/without PTSD.
Method: In this purpose 300 war veterans' families were selected by clustering random sampling in Hamedan province. The measures of this research were quality of life questionnaire 28 items and demographic inventory.
Results: The results of independent samples t-test have shown the war veterans with PTSD reported lower scores on Physical Function, Bodily Pain, General Health, Vitality, Social Functioning, and mental health in comparison of the war veterans without PTSD. The spouses of the war veterans with PTSD also have reported lower quality of life in all subscales in comparison of the spouses of war veterans without PTSD. The children of the war veterans with PTSD have reported lower scores only on general health in comparison of the children of the war veterans without PTSD.
Conclusion: In respect to results, it appears that consideration of family's health in war veterans' families is necessary with special attention to war veterans with PTSD. However, planning, and instructional, therapeutic policies can be useful
Quality of life in fibromyalgia syndrome referred to clinic of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation in Baqiyatallah Hospital, Tehran
Background & Purpose: Fibromyalgia syndrome is a chronic disease with unknown etiology musculoskeletal pain and tender points throughout the body are numerous. The aim of this study was to measure quality of life in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome that referred to Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation clinic in Baqiyatallah Hospital.
Methods & Materials: Patients that referred to Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic by a trained physician were asked about diffuse chronic pain, fatigue, sleep disturbance, age, body mass index, level of education and number of children. To assess quality of life, 36-SF questionnaire was used. Also to assess pain, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used. The same physician did a thorough physical examination with special attention to the tender points in order to diagnose fibromyalgia according to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria.
Results: In the study of 59 patients referred to the Baqiyatallah hospital, the findings showed that there was statistically significant relationship between quality of life and pain (p=0.002), age (p=0.01), body mass index (p=0.04) and morning stiffness (p=0.001). However, there is no statistically significant relationship between level of education and quality of life (p=0.09). Also, according to the finding, all quality of life components, especially the physical components, is affected by Fibromyalgia syndrome.
Conclusion: According to the study findings, the quality of life of fibromyalgia patients affected by multiple factors such as diffuse chronic pain, body mass index, age, morning stiffness.
Correlation between mindfulness and executive functions in blinds veterans
Background and Aim : Mindfulness is ability of self regulating attention and direct it for task. The purpose of present study is evaluation of correlation between mindfulness and executive function in blind veterans.
Materials & Methods : we evaluate 93 blind veterans with Dys executive function and mindfulness questionnaire. Pearson Correlation Test was used to evaluation.
Results : findings show significant correlation between mindfulness and executive function specially inhibition and memory (P<0.01) and arousal (P<0.01) subscale. No correlation found in intentionality and hyperactivity subscale (P>0.05).
Conclusion : Cause of correlation between mindfulness and inhibition, arousal and memory is common structural and functional overlap. Mindfulness can be used as a proper predictor of this subscale of executive functions.
Effectiveness of Emotional Schema Therapy on Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies of Combat-Related Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Veterans
Introduction: This study aims to examine the effectiveness of Emotional Schema Therapy on The Emotional Schema & Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies of patients suffering from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).
Method: 6 patients from the clients of psychiatric clinic of Baqiyatallah hospital, were selected through available sampling, matched together and then divided into 3 groups (Emotional Schema Therapy combined with Medications, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy combined with Medications & Medications) Patients were examined 5 & 3 times by Leahy Emotional Schema Scale (LESS) and the Short Form of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ-18) and The Persian versions of the Impact of Event Scale-Revise (IES-R). To analyze the data, indexes of effect size, cohen’s d, process changes, slope and interpretation of ups & downs in charts were employed.
Result: After treatment, scores of patients who Emotional Schema Therapy received showed decrease in Negative Emotional Schema(Rumination, guilt, uncontrollability) & Maladaptive Cognitive Emotion Regulation strategies (Self-blaming, Rumination, Catastrophizing) additionally, in some Adaptive Cognitive Emotion Regulation strategies (Positive refocusing, Refocusing on planning, Positive Reappraisal)and Adaptive Emotional Schema (higher values, acceptance, consensus, Comprehensibility) an increase was observed.
Conclusion: Emotional Schema Therapy via targeting directly mechanisms of pathological Emotional Schemas & Maladaptive Cognitive Emotion Regulation strategies. can be appropriate choice for treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).
Fertility and sexual function after spinal cord injury
Following damage to spinal cord, sexual function and fertility of the survivors would greatly be affected and using assistive reproductive therapies would be inevitable. During a 2-year program, 1429 SCI survivors of Iran-Iraq War were thoroughly examined by urologists. Patients' demographic characteristics and information relevant to sexual and fertility status as date of marriage, number of children and use of assistive reproductive therapies, were recorded. The mean age of the survivors was 37.9±8.5 y/o and the mean period after injury was 14.6±2.9 years. 87.4% of the subjects suffered from paraplegia and 98.4% of them were men. Sexual dysfunction reported in 69.9% of the subjects while fertility problems observed in 58.5%. 23.7% of the cases had no child and 30.4% had a single one. Success rate following IUI, IVF and were 21.9%, 24.1% and 20% respectively. Statistical analysis revealed no relation between level of spinal cord injury and fertility. Relatively high success rate after assistive reproductive therapies would maintain the hope of bearing a child after Spinal Cord Injury.
Viewpoints of Veterans Affected by Psychological Disorders towards usage of telemental services for War Veterans
Background & Purpose: The use of telemedicine in military capabilities, access to specialized medical services, resulting in a continuing care for veterans is possible. This study aimed to investigate psychological warfare point of using mental health systems has been done remotely for war veterans.
Methods & Materials: This cross - sectional study was conducted in 2013 A questionnaire was designed and standardized by receiving comments from telemedicine experts and psychiatrist. The researcher personally visited respondents, thus 100% data were collected. Data analysis using 17.0 SPSS software and descriptive statistics were performed.
Results: Veterans on the effectiveness and necessity of mental health service use remote stressed. And concerns about access to a computer, provided the drug, the need for further training and active involvement of families.
Conclusion: It is clear that the Telemental health is practical solutions to meet the mental health needs of veterans. .In the discussion, such as user training requirements, reliability, confidentiality and other legal policies should be considered. Experiences of other countries indicate the success of this type of service needs assessment, feasibility and planning is correct.
Comparative of Mental Health Disabled People of Athletic and Non-Athletic
Background: In the field of exercise and mental health was already on the perception that sport is beneficial for physical health. Today physical exercise can also be effective in promoting mental health.
Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to compare mental health of athletic and non-athletic disabled people in Arak city.
Materials and Method: A descriptive-analytical study and cross method, was done to evaluate the mental. Disabled man in the entire city was considered as a population study. Samples were selected randomly into two groups with 120 athletes (60) and non-athletes (60). Mental health of participants was assessed by GHQ-28. Descriptive statistics and ANOVA test and Tukey post hoc test was used for data analysis.
Results: Findings of study showed significant differences between mental health of athletic and non-athletic disabled people. Disabled people that participant in physical activity were in better mental health situation than the non-athletic disabled people.
Conclusion: According to sport effective role on mental health of people, especially disabled people recommend responsible organizations for making the bed than the rest of the act.
Quality of services provided to veterans referred to a branch of the armed forces in Hamadan
Background & Purpose: The services quality problems arise in organizations that do not pay attention to understanding of the customer needs and don’t try to meet them. This goal of this study was to Survey of services quality provided in branch of the armed forces in Hamadan from viewpoint of veterans using by SERVQUAL method in 2013.
Methods & Materials: This study was descriptive and analytical Study. Sample size included 100 people. Standard SERVQUAL questionnaire with 26 questions were conducted to collect data. The veterans answered the questions in exceptions section about of ideal or optimal situation and about current situation in perception section and based on these results, the gap quality were determined. Data was analyzed by using SPSS 16.0 software and descriptive and analytical statistical including frequency tables and standard deviation.
Results: Based on result, exceptions related staffs in whole dimensions were upward on current situation. The highest mean of scores in expectation sector was related to the assurance of services warrantee (3.93 ±1.02) and the lowest mean of scores was related of empathy (3.63± 1.05).
Conclusion: Services organizations including of insurance branch must make effort to understand the needs and demands of customers fully. Sometimes these organizations recognize what is important for customers by themselves. Inappropriate diagnosis of needs caused of customer dissatisfaction and increases of distance between real and ideal satisfaction. Using servqual model and quality assessment from viewpoint of customer, with proper planning will be improving quality of services.
