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Volume 18, Issue 2 (2026)
Iran J War Public Health 2026, 18(2): 1001-1008 |
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Received: 2026/07/13 | Accepted: 2026/07/23 | Published: 2026/07/19
Received: 2026/07/13 | Accepted: 2026/07/23 | Published: 2026/07/19
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Qasim M, Ali D, JEBUR N. Evaluation of Biological and Antimicrobial Activities of Rhus coriaria (Sumac) Extracts against bacteria and fungi.. Iran J War Public Health 2026; 18 (2) :1001-1008
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Abstract (127 Views)
Aims: The study aimed to evaluate the composition and the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and hypolipidemic activities of Rhus coriaria (sumac) fruit extracts by using both in vitro and in vivo approaches.
Methods: Fresh sumac fruits were extracted with 70% ethanol and 80% methanol using Soxhlet extraction. Phytochemical characterization was performed by qualitative screening, total phenolic and flavonoid assays, GC–MS, and HPLC. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus niger, and Candida albicans, and using agar well diffusion and broth microdilution assays. Antiviral activity against HSV-1 and Influenza A (H1N1) was assessed by plaque reduction assays. Antioxidant capacity was determined using DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS assays. Hypolipidemic effects were investigated in hyperlipidemic Wistar rats by measuring serum lipid profiles and antioxidant enzyme activities.
Findings: The methanolic extract exhibited high phenolic (215.6 ± 4.3 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (98.4 ± 3.7 mg QE/g) contents and contained major bioactive compounds including gallic acid, methyl gallate, quercetin, and rutin. It demonstrated broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity with inhibition zones ranging from 18.6 to 22.4 mm and MIC values of 100–250 µg/mL. The extract inhibited HSV-1 and H1N1 replication by 75.7% and 71.4%, respectively, showed strong antioxidant activity (DPPH IC₅₀ = 44.6 µg/mL), and significantly reduced serum cholesterol and triglycerides while increasing HDL levels in hyperlipidemic rats (p < 0.01).
Conclusion: Rhus coriaria extracts possess potent antimicrobial, antioxidant, and hypolipidemic activity. These findings support the potential of sumac as a promising natural source for developing therapeutic agents
Methods: Fresh sumac fruits were extracted with 70% ethanol and 80% methanol using Soxhlet extraction. Phytochemical characterization was performed by qualitative screening, total phenolic and flavonoid assays, GC–MS, and HPLC. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus niger, and Candida albicans, and using agar well diffusion and broth microdilution assays. Antiviral activity against HSV-1 and Influenza A (H1N1) was assessed by plaque reduction assays. Antioxidant capacity was determined using DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS assays. Hypolipidemic effects were investigated in hyperlipidemic Wistar rats by measuring serum lipid profiles and antioxidant enzyme activities.
Findings: The methanolic extract exhibited high phenolic (215.6 ± 4.3 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (98.4 ± 3.7 mg QE/g) contents and contained major bioactive compounds including gallic acid, methyl gallate, quercetin, and rutin. It demonstrated broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity with inhibition zones ranging from 18.6 to 22.4 mm and MIC values of 100–250 µg/mL. The extract inhibited HSV-1 and H1N1 replication by 75.7% and 71.4%, respectively, showed strong antioxidant activity (DPPH IC₅₀ = 44.6 µg/mL), and significantly reduced serum cholesterol and triglycerides while increasing HDL levels in hyperlipidemic rats (p < 0.01).
Conclusion: Rhus coriaria extracts possess potent antimicrobial, antioxidant, and hypolipidemic activity. These findings support the potential of sumac as a promising natural source for developing therapeutic agents
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