en سلامت جانبازان يا معلولان Veterans or Handicapped Health پژوهشی اصيل Original Research <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Aims: The study aimed to evaluate the composition and the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and hypolipidemic activities of Rhus coriaria (sumac) fruit extracts by using both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> approaches. </span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Methods: Fresh sumac fruits were extracted with 70% ethanol and 80% methanol using Soxhlet extraction. Phytochemical characterization was performed by qualitative screening, total phenolic and flavonoid assays, GC&ndash;MS, and HPLC. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against <i>Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, <i>Aspergillus niger</i>, and <i>Candida albicans</i>, and using agar well diffusion and broth microdilution assays. Antiviral activity against HSV-1 and Influenza A (H1N1) was assessed by plaque reduction assays. Antioxidant capacity was determined using DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS assays. Hypolipidemic effects were investigated in hyperlipidemic Wistar rats by measuring serum lipid profiles and antioxidant enzyme activities. </span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Findings: The methanolic extract exhibited high phenolic (215.6 &plusmn; 4.3 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (98.4 &plusmn; 3.7 mg QE/g) contents and contained major bioactive compounds including gallic acid, methyl gallate, quercetin, and rutin. It demonstrated broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity with inhibition zones ranging from 18.6 to 22.4 mm and MIC values of 100&ndash;250 &micro;g/mL. The extract inhibited HSV-1 and H1N1 replication by 75.7% and 71.4%, respectively, showed strong antioxidant activity (DPPH IC₅₀ = 44.6 &micro;g/mL), and significantly reduced serum cholesterol and triglycerides while increasing HDL levels in hyperlipidemic rats (p < 0.01). </span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Conclusion: Rhus coriaria extracts possess potent antimicrobial, antioxidant, and hypolipidemic activity. These findings support the potential of sumac as a promising natural source for developing therapeutic agents</span></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp; ,Rhus coriaria,Sumac,Phytochemical Analysis,Antimicrobial Activity,Antioxidant Activity,Hypolipidemic Activity. 1001 1008 http://ijwph.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2443-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Mohammed Qasim dr.mohammed93@uomanara.edu.iq 15300319475328460029095 15300319475328460029095 Yes Duaa Ali duaaali@uomisan.edu.iq 15300319475328460029096 15300319475328460029096 No NOOR JEBUR hseenoon409@gamil.com 15300319475328460029097 15300319475328460029097 No