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Volume 18, Issue 2 (2026)
Iran J War Public Health 2026, 18(2): 213-226 |
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Received: 2026/06/1 | Accepted: 2026/07/10 | Published: 2026/07/19
Received: 2026/06/1 | Accepted: 2026/07/10 | Published: 2026/07/19
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Laibi H, Hassani M. L-Glutamine as a Protective Agent Against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Injury in Male Mice. Iran J War Public Health 2026; 18 (2) :213-226
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H.S. Laibi *1, M.K. Hassani1
1- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Misan, Maysan, Iraq
Abstract (685 Views)
Aims: The study investigated the role of L-glutamine against the carbon tetrachloride effects on the liver of male mice.
Materials & Methods: This study used 50 healthy adult mice (n=10/group) assigned to five groups. G1 received olive oil. G2 received carbon tetrachloride (1mL/kg; 1:1 with olive oil) intraperitoneally on days 1 and 4 weekly for 4 weeks. G3 received carbon tetrachloride as in G2 for 4 weeks, then glutamine in drinking water (4g/L) for 4 weeks. G4 received glutamine in drinking water (4g/L) for 4 weeks, then carbon tetrachloride injection. G5 received glutamine only for 4 weeks. Blood was collected from chloroform-anesthetized mice for biochemical analysis, and livers were processed for experiments.
Findings: Normal liver architecture was found in group G1, whereas group G2 had significant histopathological damage. Co-treatment with L-glutamine promoted regeneration and near-normal structure in groups G3 and G4. PAS staining revealed normal fine glycogen granules in group G1, glycogen reduction and variable staining in group G2, and strong PAS positivity with glutamine treatment, including coarse glycogen deposition in group G3 and group G4. Alanine transaminase was significantly elevated only in group G2 (p<0.001); groups G3, G4, and G5 did not differ from group G1. Aspartate aminotransferase was significantly higher in groups G2 and G3 (p<0.001). Alkaline phosphatase increased significantly in groups G2, G3, and G4 (p<0.001), with no significant change in group G5 versus group G1.
Conclusion: Glutamine has protective and therapeutic effects against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury.
Materials & Methods: This study used 50 healthy adult mice (n=10/group) assigned to five groups. G1 received olive oil. G2 received carbon tetrachloride (1mL/kg; 1:1 with olive oil) intraperitoneally on days 1 and 4 weekly for 4 weeks. G3 received carbon tetrachloride as in G2 for 4 weeks, then glutamine in drinking water (4g/L) for 4 weeks. G4 received glutamine in drinking water (4g/L) for 4 weeks, then carbon tetrachloride injection. G5 received glutamine only for 4 weeks. Blood was collected from chloroform-anesthetized mice for biochemical analysis, and livers were processed for experiments.
Findings: Normal liver architecture was found in group G1, whereas group G2 had significant histopathological damage. Co-treatment with L-glutamine promoted regeneration and near-normal structure in groups G3 and G4. PAS staining revealed normal fine glycogen granules in group G1, glycogen reduction and variable staining in group G2, and strong PAS positivity with glutamine treatment, including coarse glycogen deposition in group G3 and group G4. Alanine transaminase was significantly elevated only in group G2 (p<0.001); groups G3, G4, and G5 did not differ from group G1. Aspartate aminotransferase was significantly higher in groups G2 and G3 (p<0.001). Alkaline phosphatase increased significantly in groups G2, G3, and G4 (p<0.001), with no significant change in group G5 versus group G1.
Conclusion: Glutamine has protective and therapeutic effects against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury.
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