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Volume 18, Issue 1 (2026)
Iran J War Public Health 2026, 18(1): 29-47 |
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Received: 2025/07/19 | Accepted: 2026/01/31 | Published: 2026/02/6
Received: 2025/07/19 | Accepted: 2026/01/31 | Published: 2026/02/6
How to cite this article
Lestari R, Lazuardi L, Darwito D. A Decade of Telerehabilitation Using Virtual Reality from a Bioethics Perspective. Iran J War Public Health 2026; 18 (1) :29-47
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URL: http://ijwph.ir/article-1-1632-en.html
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1- Department of Medical Profession, Faculty of Medicine, Wahid Hasyim University, Semarang, Indonesia
2- Department of Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
3- Gadjah Mada University Academic Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
2- Department of Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
3- Gadjah Mada University Academic Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Abstract (173 Views)
Aims: This study analyzed the development of virtual reality-based telerehabilitation over the past decade (2015-2024) through a bibliometric approach based on 323 scientific publications.
Information & Methods: This qualitative systematic review focuses on bibliometric studies analyzing data from reputable international journals indexed in Scopus. The collected data were then thoroughly analyzed and visualized using the VOSviewer program.
Findings: A predominance of technical and clinical studies, with minimal attention to ethical aspects, was revealed, indicating a disparity between technological advances and bioethical considerations. Keyword network analysis identified three main clusters, including clinical effectiveness, immersive technology, and patient quality of life, while ethical issues, such as informed consent, data privacy, and equitable access, emerged as separate nodes. Key findings were the dominance of research by developed countries (the US and Italy account for 44% of publications), reflecting global disparities in access to technology, the risk of dehumanization in rehabilitation practices due to reduced therapeutic interaction, and the lack of an ethical framework in the development of virtual reality systems.
Conclusion: Virtual reality-based telerehabilitation advances mainly through technical and clinical research, while ethical issues, such as patient consent, equitable access, and data privacy, remain insufficiently addressed.
Information & Methods: This qualitative systematic review focuses on bibliometric studies analyzing data from reputable international journals indexed in Scopus. The collected data were then thoroughly analyzed and visualized using the VOSviewer program.
Findings: A predominance of technical and clinical studies, with minimal attention to ethical aspects, was revealed, indicating a disparity between technological advances and bioethical considerations. Keyword network analysis identified three main clusters, including clinical effectiveness, immersive technology, and patient quality of life, while ethical issues, such as informed consent, data privacy, and equitable access, emerged as separate nodes. Key findings were the dominance of research by developed countries (the US and Italy account for 44% of publications), reflecting global disparities in access to technology, the risk of dehumanization in rehabilitation practices due to reduced therapeutic interaction, and the lack of an ethical framework in the development of virtual reality systems.
Conclusion: Virtual reality-based telerehabilitation advances mainly through technical and clinical research, while ethical issues, such as patient consent, equitable access, and data privacy, remain insufficiently addressed.
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