Iranian Journal of War and Public Health

eISSN (English): 2980-969X
eISSN (Persian): 2008-2630
pISSN (Persian): 2008-2622
JMERC
0.5
Volume 17, Issue 2 (2025)                   Iran J War Public Health 2025, 17(2): 205-209 | Back to browse issues page

Print XML PDF HTML Full-Text (HTML)


History

How to cite this article
Mortazavi H, Sadeghi H, Dalirani S, Ladanmoghaddam M. Multiple Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Patient with a History of Chemical Warfare. Iran J War Public Health 2025; 17 (2) :205-209
URL: http://ijwph.ir/article-1-1605-en.html
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:

Rights and permissions
1- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
* Corresponding Author Address: Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Daneshjoo Boulevard, Tehran, Iran. Postal Code: 1983969411 (mahsa.lm74@yahoo.com)
Abstract   (321 Views)
Aims: Oral squamous cell carcinoma typically occurs as a primary and solitary lesion, while multifocal cases are considered a rare complication. Various factors have been reported in the literature as contributors to the multiplicity of oral squamous cell carcinoma lesions. Additionally, it is possible that chemical warfare agents, due to their cumulative effects, may play a role in the development of multiple lesions. This study aimed to report an unusual case of multiple oral squamous cell carcinoma in a patient with a history of chemical warfare.
Patients & Methods: A 60-year-old male patient with a history of chemical warfare and the chief complaint of a 60-year-old male patient with a history of chemical warfare and a chief complaint of a painful ulcer in his mouth for the past two months was referred to us at Shahid Beheshti Medical University.
Findings: An intra-oral examination revealed multifocal white, non-removable, non-homogeneous plaque lesions on the left pterygomandibular area, the left maxillary mucosa, and the anterior mandibular ridge. Incisional biopsies were performed on all lesions. The final diagnosis was early invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Unfortunately, the patient passed away within a few days of the excisional biopsy.
Conclusion: In patients with head and neck cancer, particularly squamous cell carcinoma, it may be beneficial to inquire about a history of participation in war in addition to conducting risk assessments.
Keywords:

References
1. Ng JH, Iyer NG, Tan MH, Edgren G. Changing epidemiology of oral squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue: A global study. Head Neck. 2017;39(2):297-304. [Link] [DOI:10.1002/hed.24589]
2. Anwar S, Tyagi N, Mathias YL, Javed D. A five year retrospective study of oral potentially malignant disorders (Opmds) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and their associated risk factors. J Datta Meghe Inst Med Sci Univ. 2023;18(3):460-7. [Link] [DOI:10.4103/jdmimsu.jdmimsu_94_23]
3. Akrish S, Eskander-Hashoul L, Rachmiel A, Ben-Izhak O. Clinicopathologic analysis of verrucous hyperplasia, verrucous carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma as part of the clinicopathologic spectrum of oral proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: A literature review and analysis. Pathol Res Pract. 2019;215(12):152670. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.prp.2019.152670]
4. Monaghan NP, Duckett KA, Nguyen SA, Newman JG, Kejner AE, Albergotti WG. Agent orange and head and neck cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2024;11(1):138-46. [Link] [DOI:10.1002/wjo2.198]
5. Lin X, Wu X, Gomaa A, Chen J, Wu L, Xie X, et al. Analysis of risk factors for multiple primary oral squamous cell carcinoma: A cohort study. Clin Oral Investig. 2020;24(9):3147-55. [Link] [DOI:10.1007/s00784-019-03189-0]
6. Katz J, Saleh W, Alharbi H, Farhadfar N. Multiple oral squamous cell carcinoma 6 years after allogeneic stem cell transplantation complicated with chronic graft-versus-host disease: A case report. SAGE Open Med Case Rep. 2022;10:2050313X221118203. [Link] [DOI:10.1177/2050313X221118203]
7. Poursaleh Z, Harandi AA, Vahedi E, Ghanei M. Treatment for sulfur mustard lung injuries; New therapeutic approaches from acute to chronic phase. Daru. 2012;20(1):27. [Link] [DOI:10.1186/2008-2231-20-27]
8. Razavi SM, Abdollahi M, Salamati P. Cancer events after acute or chronic exposure to sulfur mustard: A review of the literature. Int J Prev Med. 2016;7:76. [Link] [DOI:10.4103/2008-7802.182733]
9. Balali‐Mood M, Hefazi M. Comparison of early and late toxic effects of sulfur mustard in Iranian veterans. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2006;99(4):273-82. [Link] [DOI:10.1111/j.1742-7843.2006.pto_429.x]
10. Kehe K, Szinicz L. Medical aspects of sulphur mustard poisoning. Toxicology. 2005;214(3):198-209. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.tox.2005.06.014]
11. Ghanei M, Harandi AA. Long term consequences from exposure to sulfur mustard: a review. Inhal Toxicol. 2007;19(5):451-6. [Link] [DOI:10.1080/08958370601174990]
12. Ebadi A, Moradian T, Mollahadi M, Saeed Y, Refahi AA. Quality of life in Iranian chemical warfare veteran's. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2014;16(5):e5323. [Link] [DOI:10.5812/ircmj.5323]
13. Gupta B, Johnson NW, Kumar N. Global epidemiology of head and neck cancers: a continuing challenge. Oncology. 2016;91(1):13-23. [Link] [DOI:10.1159/000446117]
14. Cigic L, Martinovic D, Martinic J, Kovic M, Druzijanic A, Galic I, et al. Increased prevalence of oral potentially malignant lesions among Croatian War invalids, a cross-sectional study. J Clin Exp Dent. 2023;15(9):e734-41. [Link] [DOI:10.4317/jced.60715]
15. James T, Collins S, Marczylo T. Identification of novel simulants for toxic industrial chemicals and chemical warfare agents for human decontamination studies: A systematic review and categorisation of physicochemical characteristics. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(16):8681. [Link] [DOI:10.3390/ijerph18168681]
16. Muhammad BA. Effects of chemical weapons on cancer development in human. Kurd J Appl Res. 2016;1(1):50-60. [Link] [DOI:10.24017/science.2016.1.1.5]
17. Zafarghandi MR, Soroush MR, Mahmoodi M, Naieni KH, Ardalan A, Dolatyari A, et al. Incidence of cancer in Iranian sulfur mustard exposed veterans: A long-term follow-up cohort study. Cancer Causes Control. 2013;24(1):99-105. [Link] [DOI:10.1007/s10552-012-0094-8]

Add your comments about this article : Your username or Email:
CAPTCHA