JMERC
Owner
Janbazan Medical and Engineering Research Center (JMERC) is the owner of IJWPH.
0.4
Cite Score
SJR: 0.114 / SNIP: 0.090
Volume 16, Issue 2 (2024)
Iran J War Public Health 2024, 16(2): 111-116 |
Back to browse issues page
Article Type:
Subject:
Ethics code: IR.SBU.Rec1402.043
History
Received: 2024/04/21 | Accepted: 2024/05/22 | Published: 2024/06/15
Received: 2024/04/21 | Accepted: 2024/05/22 | Published: 2024/06/15
How to cite this article
Eskandari A, Zarei M, Barati A, Mohammadi F. Comparison of the Isokinetic Strength of Knee Muscles Between Normally Sighted and Visually Impaired Girls. Iran J War Public Health 2024; 16 (2) :111-116
URL: http://ijwph.ir/article-1-1453-en.html
URL: http://ijwph.ir/article-1-1453-en.html
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Rights and permissions
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
1- Department of Sports Rehabilitation and Health, Faculty of Sports Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2- Department of Sport Medicine, Sport Sciences Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
2- Department of Sport Medicine, Sport Sciences Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
Abstract (666 Views)
Aims: The proportion of strength in knee flexor and extensor muscles is an important factor in balance and fall prevention. This study aimed to compare the isokinetic strength of knee muscles in healthy sighted girls and those with visual impairment.
Instrument & Methods: This descriptive study was carried out on sighted and visually impaired female students in June 2023 in Tehran, Iran. The samples were selected by convenience sampling (n=52; 22 visually impaired and blind, 30 sighted). Maximum torque (normalized to body weight), average power, and the ratio of agonist to antagonist muscles in knee flexion and extension at three angular velocities (60, 120, 180 degrees per second) were evaluated and compared between the two groups using an isokinetic dynamometer. Data was analysed by an independent t-test.
Findings: The maximum isokinetic torque of knee extensor muscles in sighted individuals at angular velocities of 60, 120, and 180 degrees per second in both the dominant and non-dominant legs was significantly better than their visually impaired counterparts. However, visually impaired individuals had significantly greater maximum torque in knee flexion at a speed of 60 degrees per second in both legs (p<0.05). No significant differences were observed at other speeds. Additionally, a significant difference was found in the mean power in the dominant and non-dominant legs at three angular velocities (60, 120, and 180 degrees per second) in favor of sighted individuals.
Conclusion: Visually impaired individuals had significantly higher values for maximum torque and power compared to individuals with visual impairments. Therefore, intervention programs to address this deficiency should commence early in the growth period of visually impaired individuals.
Instrument & Methods: This descriptive study was carried out on sighted and visually impaired female students in June 2023 in Tehran, Iran. The samples were selected by convenience sampling (n=52; 22 visually impaired and blind, 30 sighted). Maximum torque (normalized to body weight), average power, and the ratio of agonist to antagonist muscles in knee flexion and extension at three angular velocities (60, 120, 180 degrees per second) were evaluated and compared between the two groups using an isokinetic dynamometer. Data was analysed by an independent t-test.
Findings: The maximum isokinetic torque of knee extensor muscles in sighted individuals at angular velocities of 60, 120, and 180 degrees per second in both the dominant and non-dominant legs was significantly better than their visually impaired counterparts. However, visually impaired individuals had significantly greater maximum torque in knee flexion at a speed of 60 degrees per second in both legs (p<0.05). No significant differences were observed at other speeds. Additionally, a significant difference was found in the mean power in the dominant and non-dominant legs at three angular velocities (60, 120, and 180 degrees per second) in favor of sighted individuals.
Conclusion: Visually impaired individuals had significantly higher values for maximum torque and power compared to individuals with visual impairments. Therefore, intervention programs to address this deficiency should commence early in the growth period of visually impaired individuals.
Keywords:
References
1. Eliakim A, Falk B, Armstrong N, Baptista F, Behm DG, Dror N, et al. Expert's choice: 2018's most exciting research in the field of pediatric exercise science. Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2019;31(1):1-27. [Link] [DOI:10.1123/pes.2019-0010]
2. Horvat M, Ray C, Ramsey VK, Miszko T, Keeney R, Blasch BB, et al. Compensatory analysis and strategies for balance in individuals with visual impairments. J Visual Impair Blin. 2003;97(11):695-703. [Link] [DOI:10.1177/0145482X0309701103]
3. Ray C, Horvat M, Williams M, Blasch B. Kinetic movement analysis in adults with vision loss. Adapt Phys Activ Q. 2007;24(3):209-17. [Link] [DOI:10.1123/apaq.24.3.209]
4. Kobberling G, Jankowski LW, Leger L. The relationship between aerobic capacity and physical activity in blind and sighted adolescents. J Visual Impair Blin. 1991;85(9):382-4. [Link] [DOI:10.1177/0145482X9108500909]
5. Wyatt L, Ng GY. The effect of visual impairment on the strength of children's hip and knee extensors. J Visual Impair Blin. 1997;91(1):40-6. [Link] [DOI:10.1177/0145482X9709100107]
6. Suchomel TJ, Nimphius S, Stone MH. The importance of muscular strength in athletic performance. Sports Med. 2016;46:1419-49. [Link] [DOI:10.1007/s40279-016-0486-0]
7. Śliwowski R, Marynowicz J, Jadczak Ł, Grygorowicz M, Kalinowski P, Paillard T. The relationships between knee extensors/flexors strength and balance control in elite male soccer players. PeerJ. 2021;9:e12461. [Link] [DOI:10.7717/peerj.12461]
8. Faigenbaum AD, Lloyd RS, Myer GD. Youth resistance training: past practices, new perspectives, and future directions. Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2013;25(4):591-604. [Link] [DOI:10.1123/pes.25.4.591]
9. Muñoz-Bermejo L, Pérez-Gómez J, Manzano F, Collado-Mateo D, Villafaina S, Adsuar JC. Reliability of isokinetic knee strength measurements in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2019;14(12):e0226274. [Link] [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0226274]
10. Kim SG, Kim WS. Effect of ankle range of motion (ROM) and lower-extremity muscle strength on static balance control ability in young adults: a regression analysis. Med Sci Moni. 2018;24:3168-75. [Link] [DOI:10.12659/MSM.908260]
11. Fitzgerald GK. Therapeutic exercise for knee osteoarthritis: considering factors that may influence outcome. Eur Medicophys. 2005;41(2):163-71. [Link]
12. Maly T, Mala L, Bujnovsky D, Hank M, Zahalka F. Morphological and isokinetic strength differences: bilateral and ipsilateral variation by different sport activity. Open Med. 2019;14(1):207-16. [Link] [DOI:10.1515/med-2019-0014]
13. Kong PW, Burns SF. Bilateral difference in hamstrings to quadriceps ratio in healthy males and females. Phys Ther Sport. 2010;11(1):12-7. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.ptsp.2009.09.004]
14. Kellis E, Sahinis C, Baltzopoulos V. Is hamstrings-to-quadriceps torque ratio useful for predicting anterior cruciate ligament and hamstring injuries? A systematic and critical review. J Sport Health Sci. 2023;12(3):343-58. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.jshs.2022.01.002]
15. Yılmaz S, Erdemir İ. The influence of quadriceps and hamstring strength on balance performance. Phys Educ Stud. 2023;27(3):112-7. [Link] [DOI:10.15561/20755279.2023.0303]
16. Muff G, Dufour S, Meyer A, Severac F, Favret F, Geny B, et al. Comparative assessment of knee extensor and flexor muscle strength measured using a hand-held vs. isokinetic dynamometer. J Phys Ther Sci. 2016;28(9):2445-51. [Link] [DOI:10.1589/jpts.28.2445]
17. Horvat M, Ray C, Croce R, Blasch B. A comparison of isokinetic muscle strength and power in visually impaired and sighted individuals. Isokinet Exerc Sci. 2004;12(3):179-83. [Link] [DOI:10.3233/IES-2004-0171]
18. Van Tittelboom V, Alemdaroglu-Gürbüz I, Hanssen B, Heyrman L, Feys H, Desloovere K, et al. Reliability of isokinetic strength assessments of knee and hip using the Biodex System 4 dynamometer and associations with functional strength in healthy children. Front Sport Act Living. 2022;4:817216. [Link] [DOI:10.3389/fspor.2022.817216]
19. Giagazoglou P, Amiridis IG, Zafeiridis A, Thimara M, Kouvelioti V, Kellis E. Static balance control and lower limb strength in blind and sighted women. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2009;107:571-9. [Link] [DOI:10.1007/s00421-009-1163-x]
20. de Oliveira LC, de Oliveira RG, de Almeida Pires-Oliveira DA. The Pilates method improves the relationship agonist-antagonist flexor and extensor knee in elderly: a randomized controlled trial. Man Ther Posturology Rehabil J. 2015:1-7. [Link] [DOI:10.17784/mtprehabJournal.2015.13.278]
21. Wang Xf, Ma Zh, Teng Xr. Isokinetic strength test of muscle strength and motor function in total knee arthroplasty. Orthop Surg. 2020;12(3):878-89. [Link] [DOI:10.1111/os.12699]
22. de Moura TG, de Almeida Nagata C, Garcia PA. The influence of isokinetic peak torque and muscular power on the functional performance of active and inactive community-dwelling elderly: a cross-sectional study. Braz J Phys Ther. 2020;24(3):256-63. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.bjpt.2019.03.003]
23. Laughton CA, Slavin M, Katdare K, Nolan L, Bean JF, Kerrigan DC, et al. Aging, muscle activity, and balance control: physiologic changes associated with balance impairment. Gait Posture. 2003;18(2):101-8. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/S0966-6362(02)00200-X]
24. Shumway‐Cook A, Patla A, Stewart A, Ferrucci L, Ciol MA, Guralnik JM. Environmental components of mobility disability in community‐living older persons. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2003 Mar;51(3):393-8 [Link] [DOI:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2003.51114.x]
25. Kocahan T, Akınoğlu B, Soylu Ç, Yıldırım NÜ, Hasanoğlu A. Determination of the isokinetic muscle strength profile of knee flexors and extensors in visually impaired long-distance athletes: Pilot study Görme engelli uzun mesafe atletizm sporcularında diz fleksör ve ekstansörlerinin izokinetik kas kuvvet profilinin belirlenmesi: Pilot çalışma. J Hum Sci. 2017;14(2):2111-20. [Link] [DOI:10.14687/jhs.v14i2.4306]
26. Luc-Harkey BA, Safran-Norton CE, Mandl LA, Katz JN, Losina E. Associations among knee muscle strength, structural damage, and pain and mobility in individuals with osteoarthritis and symptomatic meniscal tear. BMC musculoskeletal disorders. 2018;19:1-1. [Link] [DOI:10.1186/s12891-018-2182-8]
27. Karakoc O. Muscle Strength and Flexibility without and with Visual Impairments Judoka's. Int Educ Stud. 2016;9(5):12-7. [Link] [DOI:10.5539/ies.v9n5p12]
28. Killebrew SS, Petrella JK, Jung AP, Hensarling RW. The effect of loss of visual input on muscle power in resistance trained and untrained young men and women. J Strength Cond Res. 2013;27(2):495-500. [Link] [DOI:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182577091]
29. Baroni BM, Ruas CV, Ribeiro-Alvares JB, Pinto RS. Hamstring-to-quadriceps torque ratios of professional male soccer players: A systematic review. J Strength Cond Res. 2020;34(1):281-93. [Link] [DOI:10.1519/JSC.0000000000002609]
30. O'Connor SR, Fagher K, Williamson S, Pluim BM, Ardern CL, van Rensburg DCJ, et al. Assessment of muscle strength in para-athletes: A systematic review of observational studies. Sports Med Health Sci. 2022;4(4):225-38. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.smhs.2022.07.004]
31. Ramari C, Hvid LG, de David AC, Dalgas U. The importance of lower-extremity muscle strength for lower-limb functional capacity in multiple sclerosis: Systematic review. Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2020;63(2):123-37. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.rehab.2019.11.005]