JMERC
Owner
Janbazan Medical and Engineering Research Center (JMERC) is the owner of IJWPH.
0.4
Cite Score
SJR: 0.114 / SNIP: 0.090
Volume 16, Issue 1 (2024)
Iran J War Public Health 2024, 16(1): 1-8 |
Back to browse issues page
Article Type:
Subject:
History
Received: 2023/12/18 | Accepted: 2024/02/23 | Published: 2024/04/1
Received: 2023/12/18 | Accepted: 2024/02/23 | Published: 2024/04/1
How to cite this article
Barzegari Marvast H, Akbarnejad A, Norouzi J. Effect of 12 Weeks Incremental Resistance Training on Serum Levels of Myostatin, Follistatin, and IGF-I in Sedentary Elderly Men. Iran J War Public Health 2024; 16 (1) :1-8
URL: http://ijwph.ir/article-1-1424-en.html
URL: http://ijwph.ir/article-1-1424-en.html
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Rights and permissions
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
1- Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
2- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Abstract (1119 Views)
Aims: Numerous studies have established that resistance training is highly effective in preventing and addressing age-related muscle loss (sarcopenia) by enhancing the physiological function of skeletal muscle tissue. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the impact of 12 weeks of incremental resistance training on the serum levels of myostatin, follistatin, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I) in sedentary elderly men.
Materials & Methods: Thirty sedentary elderly men voluntarily participated in this semi-experimental study and were randomly assigned to either a control group (15 men) with an average age of 62.1±3.7 years and weight of 85.1±7.7 kg, or a resistance training group (15 men) with an average age of 61.3±1.6 years and weight of 82.3±7.8 kg. The resistance training group undertook a 12-week training protocol, while the control group did not engage in any training program during this time. Blood samples and body composition measurements (using dual X-ray absorptiometry) were taken before the study commenced and 48 hours after the last training session concluded. Serum levels of myostatin, follistatin, and IGF-I were determined using the ELISA method. An independent t-test was employed to establish statistical significance between the groups, utilizing SPSS 21 software.
Findings: After 12 weeks of resistance training, there was a significant decrease in serum myostatin levels and significant increases in serum follistatin and IGF-I levels in comparison to the control group (p≤0.05).
Conclusion: Incremental resistance training proves to be an effective intervention for preventing sarcopenia in elderly individuals by decreasing serum levels of myostatin and increasing serum levels of follistatin and IGF-I.
Materials & Methods: Thirty sedentary elderly men voluntarily participated in this semi-experimental study and were randomly assigned to either a control group (15 men) with an average age of 62.1±3.7 years and weight of 85.1±7.7 kg, or a resistance training group (15 men) with an average age of 61.3±1.6 years and weight of 82.3±7.8 kg. The resistance training group undertook a 12-week training protocol, while the control group did not engage in any training program during this time. Blood samples and body composition measurements (using dual X-ray absorptiometry) were taken before the study commenced and 48 hours after the last training session concluded. Serum levels of myostatin, follistatin, and IGF-I were determined using the ELISA method. An independent t-test was employed to establish statistical significance between the groups, utilizing SPSS 21 software.
Findings: After 12 weeks of resistance training, there was a significant decrease in serum myostatin levels and significant increases in serum follistatin and IGF-I levels in comparison to the control group (p≤0.05).
Conclusion: Incremental resistance training proves to be an effective intervention for preventing sarcopenia in elderly individuals by decreasing serum levels of myostatin and increasing serum levels of follistatin and IGF-I.
Keywords:
References
1. Nazir M, Al-Ansari A, Al-Khalifa K, Alhareky M, Gaffar B, Almas K. Global prevalence of periodontal disease and lack of its surveillance. Sci World J. 2020;2020:2146160. [Link] [DOI:10.1155/2020/2146160]
2. Bell KE, Von Allmen MT, Devries MC, Phillips SM. Muscle disuse as a pivotal problem in sarcopenia-related muscle loss and dysfunction. J Frailty Aging. 2016;5(1):33-41. [Link] [DOI:10.14283/jfa.2016.78]
3. Visser M. Epidemiology of muscle mass loss with age. In: Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Morley JE, editors. Sarcopenia. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons; 2012. p. 1-7. [Link] [DOI:10.1002/9781118338032.ch1]
4. Mitchell WK, Williams J, Atherton P, Larvin M, Lund J, Narici M. Sarcopenia, dynapenia, and the impact of advancing age on human skeletal muscle size and strength; A quantitative review. Front Physiol. 2012;3:260. [Link] [DOI:10.3389/fphys.2012.00260]
5. Rosenberg IH. Sarcopenia: Origins and clinical relevance. J Nutr. 1997;127(5):990S-1S. [Link] [DOI:10.1093/jn/127.5.990S]
6. Delbono O. Excitation-contraction coupling regulation in aging skeletal muscle. In: Lynch G, editor. Sarcopenia-Age-Related Muscle Wasting and Weakness. Dordrecht: Springer; 2011. p. 113-34. [Link] [DOI:10.1007/978-90-481-9713-2_6]
7. Mero AA, Hulmi JJ, Salmijärvi H, Katajavuori M, Haverinen M, Holviala J, et al. Resistance training induced increase in muscle fiber size in young and older men. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2013;113(3):641-50. [Link] [DOI:10.1007/s00421-012-2466-x]
8. Escriche-Escuder A, Fuentes-Abolafio IJ, Roldan-Jimenez C, Cuesta-Vargas AI. Effects of exercise on muscle mass, strength, and physical performance in older adults with sarcopenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis according to the EWGSOP criteria. Exp Gerontol. 2021;151:111420. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.exger.2021.111420]
9. Wilkinson DJ, Piasecki M, Atherton PJ. The age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function: Measurement and physiology of muscle fibre atrophy and muscle fibre loss in humans. Ageing Res Rev. 2018;47:123-32. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.arr.2018.07.005]
10. Elliott B, Renshaw D, Getting S, Mackenzie R. The central role of myostatin in skeletal muscle and whole body homeostasis. Acta Physiol. 2012;205(3):324-40. [Link] [DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.2012.02423.x]
11. Bagheri R, Rashidlamir A, Motevalli MS, Elliott BT, Mehrabani J, Wong A. Effects of upper-body, lower-body, or combined resistance training on the ratio of follistatin and myostatin in middle-aged men. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2019;119(9):1921-31. [Link] [DOI:10.1007/s00421-019-04180-z]
12. McPherron AC, Lawler AM, Lee SJ. Regulation of skeletal muscle mass in mice by a new TGF-p superfamily member. Nature. 1997;387(6628):83-90. [Link] [DOI:10.1038/387083a0]
13. Tortoriello DV, Sidis Y, Holtzman DA, Holmes WE, Schneyer AL. Human follistatin-related protein: A structural homologue of follistatin with nuclear localization. Endocrinology. 2001;142(8):3426-34. [Link] [DOI:10.1210/endo.142.8.8319]
14. Wewege MA, Desai I, Honey C, Coorie B, Jones MD, Clifford BK, et al. The effect of resistance training in healthy adults on body fat percentage, fat mass and visceral fat: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2022;52(2):287-300. [Link] [DOI:10.1007/s40279-021-01562-2]
15. Hansen J, Brandt C, Nielsen AR, Hojman P, Whitham M, Febbraio MA, et al. Exercise induces a marked increase in plasma follistatin: Evidence that follistatin is a contraction-induced hepatokine. Endocrinology. 2011;152(1):164-71. [Link] [DOI:10.1210/en.2010-0868]
16. Kraemer WJ, Ratamess NA, Hymer WC, Nindl BC, Fragala MS. Growth hormone(s), testosterone, insulin-like growth factors, and cortisol: Roles and integration for cellular development and growth with exercise. Front Endocrinol. 2020;11:33. [Link] [DOI:10.3389/fendo.2020.00033]
17. Huygens W, Thomis MA, Peeters MW, Aerssens J, Janssen R, Vlietinck RF, et al. Linkage of myostatin pathway genes with knee strength in humans. Physiol Genomics. 2004;17(3):264-70. [Link] [DOI:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00224.2003]
18. Moustogiannis A, Philippou A, Taso O, Zevolis E, Pappa M, Chatzigeorgiou A, et al. The effects of muscle cell aging on myogenesis. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(7):3721. [Link] [DOI:10.3390/ijms22073721]
19. Maltais ML, Ladouceur JP, Dionne IJ. The effect of resistance training and different sources of postexercise protein supplementation on muscle mass and physical capacity in sarcopenic elderly men. J Strength Cond Res. 2016;30(6):1680-7. [Link] [DOI:10.1519/JSC.0000000000001255]
20. Breen L, Stokes KA, Churchward-Venne TA, Moore DR, Baker SK, Smith K, et al. Two weeks of reduced activity decreases leg lean mass and induces "anabolic resistance" of myofibrillar protein synthesis in healthy elderly. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;98(6):2604-12. [Link] [DOI:10.1210/jc.2013-1502]
21. Bosaeus I, Rothenberg E. Nutrition and physical activity for the prevention and treatment of age-related sarcopenia. Proc Nutr Soc. 2016;75(2):174-80. [Link] [DOI:10.1017/S002966511500422X]
22. Luk HY, Levitt DE, Boyett JC, Rojas S, Flader SM, McFarlin BK, et al. Resistance exercise-induced hormonal response promotes satellite cell proliferation in untrained men but not in women. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2019;317(2):E421-32. [Link] [DOI:10.1152/ajpendo.00473.2018]
23. Willoughby DS. Effects of an alleged myostatin-binding supplement and heavy resistance training on serum myostatin, muscle strength and mass, and body composition. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2004;14(4):461-72. [Link] [DOI:10.1123/ijsnem.14.4.461]
24. Brzycki M. A practical approach to strength training. 2nd ed. Carrollton: Masters Press; 1991. [Link]
25. Chodzko-Zajko WJ, Proctor DN, Fiatarone Singh MA, Minson CT, Nigg CR, Salem GJ, et al. Exercise and physical activity for older adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009;41(7):1510-30. [Link] [DOI:10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181a0c95c]
26. Velloso CP. Regulation of muscle mass by growth hormone and IGF‐I. Br J Pharmacol. 2008;154(3):557-68. [Link] [DOI:10.1038/bjp.2008.153]
27. Frontera WR, Hughes VA, Fielding RA, Fiatarone MA, Evans WJ, Roubenoff R. Aging of skeletal muscle: A 12-yr longitudinal study. J Appl Physiol. 2000;88(4):1321-6. [Link] [DOI:10.1152/jappl.2000.88.4.1321]
28. Molina-Sotomayor E, Castillo-Quezada H, Martínez-Salazar C, González-Orb M, Espinoza-Salinas A, Gonzalez-Jurado JA. Effects of progressive resistance training on cognition and IGF-1 levels in elder women who live in areas with high air pollution. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(17):6203. [Link] [DOI:10.3390/ijerph17176203]
29. Cunha PM, Nunes JP, Tomeleri CM, Nascimento MA, Schoenfeld BJ, Antunes M, et al. Resistance training performed with single and multiple sets induces similar improvements in muscular strength, muscle mass, muscle quality, and IGF-1 in older women: A randomized controlled trial. J Strength Cond Res. 2020;34(4):1008-16. [Link] [DOI:10.1519/JSC.0000000000002847]
30. Nunes PRP, Barcelos LC, Oliveira AA, Furlanetto R Jr, Martins FM, Resende EAMR, et al. Muscular strength adaptations and hormonal responses after two different multiple-set protocols of resistance training in postmenopausal women. J Strength Cond Res. 2019;33(5):1276-85. [Link] [DOI:10.1519/JSC.0000000000001788]
31. Rashidi E, Hosseini Kakhak SAR, Askari R. The effect of 8 weeks resistance training with low load and high load on testosterone, insulin-like growth factor-1, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 levels, and functional adaptations in older women. Salmand: Iran J Ageing. 2019;14(3):356-67. [Persian] [Link]
32. Hatfield DL, Kraemer WJ, Volek JS, Nindl BC, Caldwell LK, Vingren JL, et al. Hormonal stress responses of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I in highly resistance trained women and men. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2021;59:101407. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101407]
33. Haddad F, Adams GR. Selected contribution: Acute cellular and molecular responses to resistance exercise. J Appl Physiol. 2002;93(1):394-403. [Link] [DOI:10.1152/japplphysiol.01153.2001]
34. Jiang Q, Lou K, Hou L, Lu Y, Sun L, Tan SC, et al. The effect of resistance training on serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1): A systematic review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Med. 2020;50:102360. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102360]
35. Walker KS, Kambadur R, Sharma M, Smith HK. Resistance training alters plasma myostatin but not IGF-1 in healthy men. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004;36(5):787-93. [Link] [DOI:10.1249/01.MSS.0000126384.04778.29]
36. Roth SM, Martel GF, Ferrell RE, Metter EJ, Hurley BF, Rogers MA. Myostatin gene expression is reduced in humans with heavy-resistance strength training: A brief communication. Exp Biol Med. 2003;228(6):706-9. [Link] [DOI:10.1177/153537020322800609]
37. Willoughby DS. Effects of heavy resistance training on myostatin mRNA and protein expression. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004;36(4):574-82. [Link] [DOI:10.1249/01.MSS.0000121952.71533.EA]
38. Binns A, Gray M, Henson AC, Fort IL. Changes in lean mass and serum myostatin with habitual protein intake and high-velocity resistance training. J Nutr Health Aging. 2017;21(10):1111-7. [Link] [DOI:10.1007/s12603-017-0883-6]
39. Bagheri R, Moghadam BH, Church DD, Tinsley GM, Eskandari M, Moghadam BH, et al. The effects of concurrent training order on body composition and serum concentrations of follistatin, myostatin and GDF11 in sarcopenic elderly men. Exp Gerontol. 2020;133:110869. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.exger.2020.110869]
40. Diel P, Schiffer T, Geisler S, Hertrampf T, Mosler S, Schulz S, et al. Analysis of the effects of androgens and training on myostatin propeptide and follistatin concentrations in blood and skeletal muscle using highly sensitive Immuno PCR. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2010;330(1-2):1-9. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.mce.2010.08.015]