JMERC
Owner
Janbazan Medical and Engineering Research Center (JMERC) is the owner of IJWPH.
0.4
Cite Score
SJR: 0.114 / SNIP: 0.090
Volume 14, Issue 2 (2022)
Iran J War Public Health 2022, 14(2): 165-170 |
Back to browse issues page
Article Type:
Subject:
History
Received: 2022/02/13 | Accepted: 2022/04/12 | Published: 2022/05/30
Received: 2022/02/13 | Accepted: 2022/04/12 | Published: 2022/05/30
How to cite this article
Mohammed Madfoon Z, Mezher M, Madfoon S. Comparison of Serum Ferritin Levels between Diabetic Patients with COVID-19 and Non-diabetic Patients with COVID-19 Based on Age Groups and Gender. Iran J War Public Health 2022; 14 (2) :165-170
URL: http://ijwph.ir/article-1-1114-en.html
URL: http://ijwph.ir/article-1-1114-en.html
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Rights and permissions
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
1- Department of Biology, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq
Abstract (1193 Views)
Aims: Chronic diseases strongly affect the severity of infection and mortality in patients with COVID-19. High levels of ferritin also indicate the severity of the disease and may indicate the presence of secondary infections among patients. The aim of this study was to compare ferritin levels in diabetic patients with COVID-19 and non-diabetic patients with COVID-19 based on age and gender groups.
Instruments & Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 64 patients with COVID-19 and 26 people without COVID-19 referred to the Najaf Hospitals, Najaf, Iraq. Samples were selected by available sampling method. Clinical tests and laboratory diagnosis were used to investigate the subjects.
Findings: In diabetic patients with COVID-19, the highest level of ferritin was in the age group of 51-65 years and the lowest level of ferritin was in the age group of ≤20 years. In non-diabetic patients with COVID-19, the highest level of ferritin was in the age group of 66-80 years and the lowest level was in the age group of ≤20 years. In diabetic patients with COVID-19, ferritin levels were higher in women than men. However, in non-diabetic patients with COVID-19, ferritin levels were higher in men than women. There was no significant difference between the disease groups in terms of ferritin production based on age groups and gender (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Serum ferritin levels increase in diabetic patients with COVID infection than in non-diabetic COVID-19 patients, and the elderly produce higher levels of ferritin. Also, in diabetic patients ferritin levels increase in women more than men with COVID-19.
Instruments & Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 64 patients with COVID-19 and 26 people without COVID-19 referred to the Najaf Hospitals, Najaf, Iraq. Samples were selected by available sampling method. Clinical tests and laboratory diagnosis were used to investigate the subjects.
Findings: In diabetic patients with COVID-19, the highest level of ferritin was in the age group of 51-65 years and the lowest level of ferritin was in the age group of ≤20 years. In non-diabetic patients with COVID-19, the highest level of ferritin was in the age group of 66-80 years and the lowest level was in the age group of ≤20 years. In diabetic patients with COVID-19, ferritin levels were higher in women than men. However, in non-diabetic patients with COVID-19, ferritin levels were higher in men than women. There was no significant difference between the disease groups in terms of ferritin production based on age groups and gender (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Serum ferritin levels increase in diabetic patients with COVID infection than in non-diabetic COVID-19 patients, and the elderly produce higher levels of ferritin. Also, in diabetic patients ferritin levels increase in women more than men with COVID-19.
Keywords:
Ferritin [MeSH], Hyperferritinemia [MeSH], COVID-19 [MeSH], Diabetes Mellitus [MeSH], Patients [MeSH]
References
1. Lu H, Stratton CW, Tang YW. Outbreak of pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan, China: The mystery and the miracle. J Med Virol. 2020;92(4):401-2. [Link] [DOI:10.1002/jmv.25678]
2. Mohammadi M, Meskini M, do Nascimento Pinto AL. 2019 Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) overview. Gesundh Wiss. 2020;1-9. [Link] [DOI:10.1007/s10389-020-01258-3]
3. Reshad RA, Riana SH, Chowdhury MA, Moin AT, Miah F, et al. Diabetes in COVID-19 patients: challenges and possible management strategies. Egypt J Bronchol. 2021;15(53):1-13. [Link] [DOI:10.1186/s43168-021-00099-2]
4. Petrakis D, Margină D, Tsarouhas K, Tekos F, Stan M, Nikitovic D, et al. Obesity ‑a risk factor for increased COVID‑19 prevalence, severity and lethality. Mol Med Rep. 2020;22(1):9-19. [Link] [DOI:10.3892/mmr.2020.11127]
5. Pan L, Mu M, Yang P, Sun Y, Wang R, Yan J, et al. Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients with digestive symptoms in Hubei, China: a descriptive, cross-sectional, multicenter study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2020;115(5):766-73. [Link] [DOI:10.14309/ajg.0000000000000620]
6. Ai T, Yang Z, Hou H, Zhan C, Chen C, Lv W, et al. Correlation of chest CT and RT-PCR testing in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: a report of 1014 cases. Radiology. 2020;296(2):E32-40. [Link] [DOI:10.1148/radiol.2020200642]
7. Harapan H, Itoh N, Yufika A, Winardi W, Keam S, Te H, et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A literature review. J Infect Public Health. 2020;13(5):667-73. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.jiph.2020.03.019]
8. Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z, Xiang J, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, china: A retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020;395(10229):1054-62. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3]
9. Deng SQ, Peng HJ. Characteristics of and public health responses to the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak in China. J Clin Med. 2020;9(2):575. [Link] [DOI:10.3390/jcm9020575]
10. Zimmet PZ, Magliano DJ, Herman WH, Shaw JE. Diabetes: a 21st century challenge. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2014;2(1):56-64. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/S2213-8587(13)70112-8]
11. Elamari S, Motaib I, Zbiri S, Elaidaoui K, Chadli A, Elkettani C. Characteristics and outcomes of diabetic patients infected by the SARS-CoV-2. Pan Afri Med J. 2020;37:32. [Link] [DOI:10.11604/pamj.2020.37.32.25192]
12. Nassar M, Daoud A, Nso N, Medina L, Ghernautan V, et al. Diabetes mellitus and COVID-19: review article. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2021;15(6):102268. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102268]
13. Wang X, Liu Z, Li J, Zhang J, Tian S, et al. Impacts of type 2 diabetes on disease severity, therapeutic effect, and mortality of patients with COVID-19. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020;105(12):dgaa535. [Link] [DOI:10.1210/clinem/dgaa535]
14. Scheen AJ, Marre M, Thivolet C. Prognostic factors in patients with diabetes hospitalized for COVID-19: findings from the CORONADO study and other recent reports. Diabetes Metab. 2020;46(4):265-71. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.diabet.2020.05.008]
15. Abbaspour N, Hurrell R, Kelishadi R. Review on iron and its importance for human health. J Res Med Sci. 2014;19(2):164-74. [Link]
16. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 20d20;395(10223):497-506. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5]
17. Khalil UA, Seliem FO, Alnahal A, Awad M, Sadek AM, Fawzy MS. Association of serum ferritin with insulin resistance in offsprings of type 2 diabetes. Egypt J Intern Med. 2018;30:13-7. [Link] [DOI:10.4103/ejim.ejim_70_17]
18. Momeni A, Behradmanesh MS, Kheiri S, Abasi F. Serum ferritin has correlation with HbA1c in type 2 diabetic patients. Adv Biomed Res. 2015;4:74. [Link] [DOI:10.4103/2277-9175.153900]
19. Son NE. Influence of ferritin levels and inflammatory markers on HbA1c in the Type 2 Diabetes mellitus patients. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(4):1030-5. [Link] [DOI:10.12669/pjms.35.4.1003]
20. American Diabetes Association. How COVID-19 impacts people with diabetes [Internet]. American Diabetes Association; 2020 [cited 2021 May 22]. Available from: https://www.diabetes.org/coronavirus-COVID-19/how-coronavirus-impacts-people-with-diabetes. [Link]
21. Kumar MCM, Bindu AC, Shyam, RR. Ferritin - The key model inflammatory marker in diabetic and non-diabetic COVID-19. Asian J Med Sci. 2021;12(12):23-31. [Link] [DOI:10.3126/ajms.v12i12.39717]
22. Zhou B, She J, Wang Y, Ma X. Utility of ferritin, procalcitonin, and C-reactive protein in severe patients with 2019 novel coronavirus disease [Internet]. Research Square;2020 [cited 2021 May 22]. Available from: https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-18079/v1. [Link] [DOI:10.21203/rs.3.rs-18079/v1]
23. Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):507-13. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7]
24. Fox SE, Akmatbekov A, Harbert JL, Li G, Brown JQ, Vander Heide RS. 2020. Pulmonary and cardiac pathology in African American patients with COVID-19: an autopsy series from New Orleans. Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8(7):681-6. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30243-5]
25. Liu T, Zhang J, Yang Y, Ma H, Li Z, et al. The potential role of IL-6 in monitoring severe case of coronavirus disease 2019.medRxiv. 2020. [Link] [DOI:10.1101/2020.03.01.20029769]
26. Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, Liang WH, Ou CQ, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(18):1708-20. [Link] [DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa2002032]
27. Rosário C, Zandman-Goddard G, Meyron-Holtz EG, D'Cruz DP, Shoenfeld Y. The hyperferritinemic syndrome: macrophage activation syndrome, Still's disease, septic shock and catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome. BMC Med. 2013;11:185. [Link] [DOI:10.1186/1741-7015-11-185]
28. Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, et al. A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(8):727-33. [Link] [DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa2001017]
29. Lanser L, Burkert FR, Bellmann-Weiler R, Schroll A, Wildner S, Fritsche G, Weiss G. Dynamics in anemia development and dysregulation of iron homeostasis in hospitalized patients with COVID-19- Metabolites. 2021;11(10):653. [Link] [DOI:10.3390/metabo11100653]
30. Backe MB, Moen IW, Ellervik C, Hansen JB, Mandrup-Poulsen T. Iron regulation of pancreatic beta-cell functions and oxidative stress. Annu Rev Of Nutr. 2016;36:241-73. [Link] [DOI:10.1146/annurev-nutr-071715-050939]
31. Qeadan F, Tingey B, Gu LY, Packard AH, Erdei E, Saeed AI. Prognostic values of serum ferritin and d-dimer trajectory in patients with COVID-19. Viruses. 2021;13(3):419. [Link] [DOI:10.3390/v13030419]
32. Rane M, Bhadade U. Multimodal biometric identification using feature fusion. Test Eng Manage. 2020;83:26444-54. [Link]
33. Xie J, Ding, C, Li J, Wang Y, Guo H, et al. Characteristics of patients with coronavirus disease (COVID‐ 19) confirmed using an IgM‐ IgG antibody test. J Med Virol. 2020;92(10):2004-10. [Link] [DOI:10.1002/jmv.25930]
34. Perricone C, Bartoloni E, Bursi R, Cafaro G, Guidelli GM, Shoenfeld Y, Gerli R. COVID-19 as part of the hyperferritinemic syndromes: the role of iron depletion therapy. Immunol Res. 2020;68(4):213-24. [Link] [DOI:10.1007/s12026-020-09145-5]
35. Hussein AM, Taha ZB, Malek AG, Rasul KA, Kazim DH, Ahmed RJ, Mohamed UB. D-dimer and serum ferritin as an independent risk factor for severity in COVID-19 patients. Mater Today Proce. 2021 [In press]. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.matpr.2021.04.009]
36. Lau ES, McNeill JN, Paniagua SM, Liu EE, Wang JK, et al. Sex differences in inflammatory markers in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection: insights from the MGH COVID-19 patient registry. PLoS One. 2021;16(4):e0250774. [Link] [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0250774]