JMERC
Owner
Janbazan Medical and Engineering Research Center (JMERC) is the owner of IJWPH.
0.4
Cite Score
SJR: 0.114 / SNIP: 0.090
Volume 14, Issue 2 (2022)
Iran J War Public Health 2022, 14(2): 243-248 |
Back to browse issues page
Article Type:
Subject:
History
Received: 2022/03/31 | Accepted: 2022/06/11 | Published: 2022/06/25
Received: 2022/03/31 | Accepted: 2022/06/11 | Published: 2022/06/25
How to cite this article
Abbas Tawil F, Awad Kadhim S, Kareem Hashim A. Comparing the Cadmium, Zinc, Lead, and Copper Concentrations between Lung Cancer Patients and Healthy Iraqi Individuals. Iran J War Public Health 2022; 14 (2) :243-248
URL: http://ijwph.ir/article-1-1189-en.html
URL: http://ijwph.ir/article-1-1189-en.html
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Rights and permissions
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
1- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq
Abstract (1348 Views)
Aims: Some trace element concentrations could also influence the development of lung cancer. This study aimed to identify certain trace minerals in serum in Iraqi patients with lung cancer and investigate the distribution of these elements compared to healthy people.
Instrument & Methods: This study was carried out on 100 subjects, including the healthy group (n=35) and the lung cancer patient group (n=65), whose blood samples were kept in the Imam Hussein Center for Cancerous Tumors in Karbala Governorate, Iraq, in 2021. The samples were selected using a simple random sampling method. The level of zinc, copper lead, and cadmium were measured using the Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer 6300. The data was analyzed using SPSS 20 software through independent T, ANOVA, Pearson, and Tukey HSD tests.
Findings: There was a significant difference between the serum concentration of Pb, Cu, Cd, and Zn between the healthy males with lung cancer males, and in Cd, and Zn between the healthy females with lung cancer females (p<0.05). Whereas, no significant difference was found between the Pb and Cu serum in healthy and lung cancer females (p<0.05). The results of ANOVA showed a significant difference in the serum concentration of minerals between the healthy and lung cancer subjects (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Serum zinc levels are lower in lung cancer patients than in healthy subjects, whereas serum lead, cadmium, and copper are higher in lung cancer patients than in healthy subjects.
Instrument & Methods: This study was carried out on 100 subjects, including the healthy group (n=35) and the lung cancer patient group (n=65), whose blood samples were kept in the Imam Hussein Center for Cancerous Tumors in Karbala Governorate, Iraq, in 2021. The samples were selected using a simple random sampling method. The level of zinc, copper lead, and cadmium were measured using the Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer 6300. The data was analyzed using SPSS 20 software through independent T, ANOVA, Pearson, and Tukey HSD tests.
Findings: There was a significant difference between the serum concentration of Pb, Cu, Cd, and Zn between the healthy males with lung cancer males, and in Cd, and Zn between the healthy females with lung cancer females (p<0.05). Whereas, no significant difference was found between the Pb and Cu serum in healthy and lung cancer females (p<0.05). The results of ANOVA showed a significant difference in the serum concentration of minerals between the healthy and lung cancer subjects (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Serum zinc levels are lower in lung cancer patients than in healthy subjects, whereas serum lead, cadmium, and copper are higher in lung cancer patients than in healthy subjects.
Keywords:
References
1. Gupta UC, Gupta SC. Trace element toxicity relationships to crop production and livestock and human health: implications for management. Commun Soil Sci Plant Analysis. 1998;29(11-14):1491-522. [Link] [DOI:10.1080/00103629809370045]
2. Underwood E. Trace elements in human and animal nutrition. New York: Elsevier; 2012. [Link]
3. Cai L, Li XK, Song Y, Cherian MG. Essentiality, toxicology and chelation therapy of zinc and copper. Curr Med Chem. 2005;12(23):2753-63. [Link] [DOI:10.2174/092986705774462950]
4. Oliver MA. Soil and human health: a review. Eur J Soil Sci. 1997;48(4):573-92. [Link] [DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2389.1997.tb00558.x]
5. Angelova M, Asenova S, Nedkova V, Koleva-Kolarova R. Copper in the human organism. Trakia J Sci. 2011;9(1):88-98. [Link]
6. Huster D. Wilson disease. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2010;24(5):531-9. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.bpg.2010.07.014]
7. Osredkar J, Sustar N. Copper and zinc, biological role and significance of copper/zinc imbalance. J Clinic Toxicol S. 2011;3(2161):0495. [Link] [DOI:10.4172/2161-0495.S3-001]
8. Prasad AS. Discovery of human zinc deficiency: its impact on human health and disease. Adv Nutr. 2013. 4(2):176-90. [Link] [DOI:10.3945/an.112.003210]
9. Klaassen CD, editor. Casarett and Doull's Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons, seventh edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. 2008. [Link]
10. Arslan M, Demir H, Arslan H, Gokalp AS, Demir C. Trace elements, heavy metals and other biochemical parameters in malignant glioma patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2011;12(2):447-51. [Link]
11. Zhang X, Yang Q. Association between serum copper levels and lung cancer risk: A meta-analysis. J Int Med Res. 2018;46(12):4863-73. [Link] [DOI:10.1177/0300060518798507]
12. Martínez-Peinado M, Rueda-Robles A, Nogueras-López F, Villalón-Mir M, Oliveras-López MJ, Navarro-Alarcón M. Serum zinc and copper concentrations and ratios in cirrhotic patients: correlation with severity index. Nutr Hosp. 2018;35(3):627-32. [Link] [DOI:10.20960/nh.1579]
13. Alshebly SAK. et al. Serum levels of lead, cadmium and silver in patients with breast cancer compared with healthy females in Iraq. in AIP Conf Proc. 2019;2086:030048. [Link] [DOI:10.1063/1.5095133]
14. SilvestrebM MD, Lagarda J, Farré R, Martı́nez-CostaC, Brines J. Copper, iron and zinc determinations in human milk using FAAS with microwave digestion. Food Chem. 2000;68(1):95-9. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/S0308-8146(99)00160-0]
15. Zhang X, Yang Q. Association between serum copper levels and lung cancer risk: A meta-analysis. Journal of International Medical Research. 2018;46(12):4863-4873. [Link] [DOI:10.1177/0300060518798507]
16. Gómez NN, Biaggio VS, Ciminari ME, Pérez Chaca ME, Álvarez SM. Zinc: What is your role in lung cancer?. Nutritional Deficiency. 2016; Chapter 3:47-53. [Link] [DOI:10.5772/63209]
17. Wang Y, Sun Z, Li A, Zhang Y. Association between serum zinc levels and lung cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies. World J Surg Oncol. 2019;17(1):1-8. [Link] [DOI:10.1186/s12957-019-1617-5]
18. Zhao HW, Lin J, Wang XB, Cheng X, Wang JY, Yong J, et al. Assessing Plasma Levels of Selenium, Copper, Iron and Zinc in Patients of Parkinson's Disease. PLOS ONE. 2013;8(12):e83060. [Link] [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0083060]
19. Emre O, Demir H, Dogan E, Esen R, Gur T, Demir C, et al. Plasma concentrations of some trace element and heavy metals in patients with metastatic colon cancer. J Cancer Ther. 2013;4:1085. [Link] [DOI:10.4236/jct.2013.46124]
20. Demir DC. Determining the levels of some trace elements and heavy metals (Cu, Mn, Mg, Fe, Zn, CO, Pb and CD) in the cancers of lip and oral cavity. Res Sq. 2021 Mar. [Link] [DOI:10.21203/rs.3.rs-309806/v1]
21. Diez M. Cerdan FJ, Arroyo M, Balibrea JL. Use of the copper/zinc ratio in the diagnosis of lung cancer. Cancer. 1989;63(4):726-730
https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19890215)63:4<726::AID-CNCR2820630421>3.0.CO;2-P [Link] [DOI:10.1002/1097-0142(19890215)63:43.0.CO;2-P]
22. Jin Y, Zhang C, Xu H, Xue S, Wang Y, Hou Y, Kong Y, Xu Y. Combined effects of serum trace metals and polymorphisms of CYP1A1 or GSTM1 on non-small cell lung cancer: a hospital-based case-control study in China. Cancer Epidemiol. 2011;35(2):182-7. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.canep.2010.06.004]
23. Zowczak M, Iskra M, Paszkowski J, Mańczak M, Torliński L, Wysocka E. Oxidase activity of ceruloplasmin and concentrations of copper and zinc in serum of cancer patients. J Trace Elements Med Biol. 2001;15(2-3):193-6. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/S0946-672X(01)80066-3]
24. Wu HDI, Chou SY, Chen DR, Kuo HW. Differentiation of serum levels of trace elements in normal and malignant breast patients. Biological Trace Element Research. 2006;113(1):9-18. [Link] [DOI:10.1385/BTER:113:1:9]
25. Cobanoglu U, Demir H, Sayir F, Duran M, Mergan D. Some mineral, trace element and heavy metal concentrations in lung cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Preve. 2010;11(5):1383-8. [Link]
26. Yari H, Mohseni M, Vardi R, Mirza Alizadeh A, Mazloomzadeh S. Copper, Lead, Zinc and Cadmium levels in serum of prostate cancer patients by polarography in Iran. J Chem Pharmaceut Res. 2015;7(2):403-8. [Link]
27. Serum levels of lead, cadmium and silver in patients with breast cancer compared with healthy females in Iraq. AIP Conference Proceedings. 2019;2086(1):030048 [Link]