en توانبخشی جانبازان يا معلولان Rehabilitation of Veterans or Handicapped پژوهشی اصيل Original Research <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Background: </span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Differences in foot posture may be associated with differences in lower-limb biomechanics and neuromuscular function during walking.</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> However, evidence regarding differences in the frequency-domain characteristics of lower-limb muscle activity between runners with pronated and normal foot postures remains limited, particularly under standardized carbon-plated footwear conditions.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="EN" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Methods</span></span></span></span></b><span lang="EN" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">:</span></span></span></span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">This cross-sectional, between-group laboratory comparison included 30 recreational male runners aged 18&ndash;30 years who were classified into pronated-foot (n = 15) and normal-foot (n = 15) groups based on the Foot Posture Index-6. All participants walked at 1.3 m/s while wearing the same carbon-plated footwear. Surface EMG was recorded from eight lower-limb muscles, and MNF was calculated for the loading response, mid-stance, and push-off phases. Between-group differences in MNF were analyzed using independent-samples t-tests, with Cohen&rsquo;s d calculated as an effect-size measure.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><a name="_Hlk241862705"><b><span lang="EN" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Results:</span></span></span></span></b></a><b> </b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">The pronated-foot group demonstrated higher MNF than the normal-foot group in the VM (p = 0.001, d = 0.839), ST (p = 0.001, d = 0.834), and BF (p = 0.001, d = 0.754) during loading response; in the GM during mid-stance (p = 0.001, d = 1.117); and in the MG (p = 0.001, d = 1.024) and GM (p = 0.001, d = 1.118) during push-off. No significant between-group differences were observed for the remaining muscle-phase comparisons.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="EN" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Conclusion</span></span></span></span></b><span lang="EN" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">: </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Runners with a pronated foot posture exhibited phase- and muscle-specific differences in EMG-MNF compared with runners with a normal foot posture while walking in standardized carbon-plated footwear. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp; Advanced Technology Footwear,Carbon-Plated Shoes,Electromyography,Neuromuscular control,Flat foot. 1001 1023 http://ijwph.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2476-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 L. Barzegarfar Ladanibrzf@gmail.com 15300319475328460029523 15300319475328460029523 No M. Barghamadi bargamadi@uma.ac.ir 15300319475328460029524 15300319475328460029524 Yes E. Piri ebrahimm.piri@gmail.com 15300319475328460029525 15300319475328460029525 No