en سلامت جانبازان يا معلولان Veterans or Handicapped Health پژوهشی اصيل Original Research <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,serif"><span style="color:#f79646">Aims:</span></span></span></b> <span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,serif">This study evaluated the composition and the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and hypolipidemic activities of <i>Rhus coriaria</i> (sumac) fruit extracts using both in vitro and in vivo approaches. </span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,serif"><span style="color:#f79646">Materials & Methods:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,serif"> Fresh sumac fruits were extracted with 80% methanol using Soxhlet extraction. Phytochemical characterization was performed through qualitative screening, total phenolic and flavonoid assays, </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,serif"><span style="color:black">gas chromatography&ndash;mass spectrometry</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,serif">, and </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,serif"><span style="color:black">high-performance liquid chromatography</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,serif">. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Bacillus</i> <i>subtilis</i>, <i>Aspergillus niger</i>, and <i>Candida albicans</i> using agar well diffusion and broth microdilution assays. Antiviral activity against HSV-1 and Influenza A was assessed using plaque reduction assays. Antioxidant capacity was determined using DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS assays. Hypolipidemic effects were investigated in hyperlipidemic Wistar rats by measuring serum lipid profiles and antioxidant enzyme activities. </span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,serif"><span style="color:#f79646">Findings:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,serif"> The methanolic extract exhibited high phenolic and flavonoid contents, measuring 215.6&plusmn;4.3mg GAE/g and 98.4&plusmn;3.7mg QE/g, respectively. Over 25 phytochemicals were detected, including gallic acid, methyl gallate, quercetin, and rutin. The extract demonstrated broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, with inhibition zones ranging from 18.6 to 22.4 mm and MIC values ranging from 100 to 250&micro;g/mL. It inhibited HSV-1 and H1N1 replication by 75.7% and 71.4%, respectively. It also showed strong antioxidant activity, with a DPPH IC₅₀ value of 44.6&micro;g/mL. In hyperlipidemic rats, the extract significantly reduced serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels and increased high-density lipoprotein levels compared with those in the hyperlipidemic control group (p<0.01). </span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,serif"><span style="color:#f79646">Conclusion:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;,serif"> <i>R. coriaria </i>shows promising antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, and hypolipidemic potential for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications. </span></span></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp; Flavonoids,Sumac,Fruit,Antioxidant Activity, 227 234 http://ijwph.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2443-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 D. Ali 15300319475328460029351 15300319475328460029351 No Department of Microbiology, Al-Manara College for Medical Sciences, University of Manara, Al-Amarah, Iraq M.J. Qasim 15300319475328460029350 15300319475328460029350 Yes Department of Microbiology, Al-Manara College for Medical Sciences, University of Manara, Al-Amarah, Iraq N.H. Jebur 15300319475328460029352 15300319475328460029352 No Department of Microbiology, Al-Manara College for Medical Sciences, University of Manara, Al-Amarah, Iraq