en تجهیزات پزشکی برای کمک به جانبازان يا معلولان Assistive Medical Device for Veterans or Handicapped پژوهشی اصيل Original Research <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#f79646">Aims:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:"> Emergence agitation is an acute confusion state during recovery from anesthesia, a common side effect of sevoflurane anesthesia. Small doses of ketamine or fentanyl appear to decrease the incidence and severity of emergency agitation. The effect of IV ketamine and IV fentanyl on the emergence agitation score in patients undergoing tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy under sevoflurane general anesthesia was compared.</span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#f79646">Materials & Methods:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> Sixty</span></span></span> <span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:">patients<b> </b></span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:">in this study are</span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:"> divided</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:"> randomly in</span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:">to</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:"> three</span></span> <span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:">groups, each comprising</span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:"> 20 patients. So, the first group </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:">received</span></span> <span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:">IV ketamine, the second group received IV fentanyl, and the third group, the control group, received nothing. Children who were selected were prepared to undergo tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy under sevoflurane general anesthesia. Patients were monitored by standard monitoring techniques and mechanically ventilated until the end of the surgery, where they were extubated and transported to the Post Anesthesia Care Unit, where the incidence of emergency delirium was assessed using the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium scale.</span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#f79646">Findings:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> Emergence delirium </span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:">was significantly lower in patients receiving ketamine and fentanyl than in the control group<span style="color:black"> (p=0.001). No significant correlation was found between</span> the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium score and other variables among both studied groups, indicating that ketamine and fentanyl had a good ameliorating effect of reducing<span style="color:black"> the incidence of emergence delirium.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#f79646">Conclusion:</span></span></span></b> <span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">The intravenous administration of either ketamine or fentanyl before the end of surgery in sevoflurane-anesthetized children undergoing tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy reduces the incidence of postoperative agitation.</span></span></span></span></span></span> Ketamine,Fentanyl,Tonsillectomy, 421 428 http://ijwph.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2146-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Z.M. Saeed 15300319475328460027531 15300319475328460027531 Yes Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq J.H. Jaafar 15300319475328460027532 15300319475328460027532 No Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq R.F. Najim 15300319475328460027533 15300319475328460027533 No Ministry of Health, Al-Sadar Teaching Hospital, Kufa, Iraq