en سلامت جانبازان يا معلولان Veterans or Handicapped Health پژوهشی اصيل Original Research Aims: This study aimed to evaluate biomarkers of mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, antioxidant defense, insulin resistance, and inflammation in patients with metabolic syndrome and to determine their associations with metabolic-syndrome characteristics compared with healthy controls.<br> <br> Materials & Methods:A prospective case-control study included 128 participants recruited from Baghdad Central Hospital, Iraq: 64 patients with metabolic syndrome, predominantly characterized by insulin resistance, and 64 healthy controls. Participants were randomly selected according to predefined eligibility criteria and classified by health status. Clinical and biochemical assessments included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, HbA1c, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, and biomarkers related to mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, antioxidant defense, and inflammation. Case-control comparisons and five-group Welch ANOVA were performed to evaluate differences among study groups.<br> <br> Findings: Case-control analyses showed significant differences in 22 measured outcomes, while age and catalase were not significantly different. The largest standardized differences were observed for metabolic-syndrome component count, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, fasting glucose, BMI, HbA1c, and waist circumference. Five-group Welch ANOVA similarly identified significant phenotype differences in 22 outcomes, with age and catalase remaining non-significant. The strongest phenotype effects, based on eta-squared values, involved metabolic-syndrome component count, TBARS, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, fasting glucose, HbA1c, BMI, and triglycerides.<br> <br> Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome is associated with alterations in biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and insulin resistance, supporting their relevance to metabolic dysfunction and disease characterization.<br> &nbsp; ,Metabolic syndrome,mitochondrial dysfunction,oxidative stress,insulin resistance,inflammation,biomarkers. 0 0 http://ijwph.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2471-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 G.A. Mohammed ghufran.abdulmohsin@uomisan.edu.iq 15300319475328460029480 15300319475328460029480 No A.J Kadhim ayatjawdat@uomisan.edu.iq 15300319475328460029481 15300319475328460029481 No F.H. Hussein Farah.H.Hussein@uotechnology.edu.iq 15300319475328460029482 15300319475328460029482 No A.S.S. Alsadkhan ahmed.salim@ijsu.edu.iq 15300319475328460029483 15300319475328460029483 No Z. Al-aqbi zaidon.alaqbi@uomisan.edu.iq 15300319475328460029484 15300319475328460029484 Yes