en آمار و اپیدمیولوژی معلولیت‌های ناشی از جنگ/حادثه Epidemiology and Statistics of War/Accident Related Injuries توصیفی و نظرسنجی Descriptive & Survey <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Aims</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> This study investigated the prevalence of psychological distress (general health, depression, anxiety, stress, and PTSD symptoms) among Iranian civilians during the 2026 war, examining sociodemographic and war-related correlates. </span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Methods</span></span></span></i> <i><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">& Methods</span></span></span></i><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> This cross-sectional study was conducted from March 21 to April 7, 2026 (three weeks post-onset to the conflict&#39;s end). A sample of 956 adults in Shiraz, Iran, completed an online survey containing the GHQ-12, DASS-21, and PCL-5. Group differences were evaluated using t-tests, ANOVA, and Kruskal-Wallis tests.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Results</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> Moderate‑to‑severe symptoms were reported by 30.4% (GHQ), 15.9% (depression), 22.5% (anxiety), 16.4% (stress), and 22% (PTSD). Significant group differences emerged across all variables. Females reported higher stress than males (p < .01). Younger adults (16‑25 years) had the highest distress scores, the oldest (56‑66) the lowest. Married participants scored higher on depression, anxiety, stress, and PTSD than singles (p < .01). Students showed greater distress (p < .05). Higher war exposure (injury or loss of acquaintances) was associated with worse depression, anxiety, stress, and GHQ (p < .05). Daily news consumers had poorer general health and higher PTSD than rare consumers (p < .05). Most notably, participants anticipating Iran&rsquo;s defeat exhibited the highest distress across all five measures, while those expecting victory showed the lowest (p < .01).</span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Conclusion</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:200%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> Sociodemographic variables and cognitive expectations strongly modulate civilian mental health during acute warfare. These findings underscore the critical need for targeted, early psychological interventions prioritizing youth, married individuals, highly exposed populations, and those experiencing profound existential uncertainty during active conflict.</span></span></span></span></span></span> Psychological Distress,Warfare,Civilians,Depression,Anxiety,Risk Factors. 1001 1014 http://ijwph.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2437-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 M. Arefian m.arefian92@gmail.com 15300319475328460029235 15300319475328460029235 Yes F. Namjoo Shouli ka001377@gmail.com 15300319475328460029236 15300319475328460029236 No F. Zare mfaz001342@gmail.com 15300319475328460029237 15300319475328460029237 No N. Abedi akramim773@gmail.com 15300319475328460029238 15300319475328460029238 No